Table 1:

Interventions and their effects on mortality in motor vehicle collisions

Intervention	Effect of intervention	RR (95% CI)
Use of seat belts	Reduced mortality for vehicle occupants using a seat belt when compared with unbelted passengers in the same vehicle9	0.39 (0.37–0.41)
Conviction for traffic infraction	Reduced risk of driver being involved in a fatal crash during the first month after a conviction for a traffic infraction10	0.65 (0.55–0.80)
Use of air bags	Reduced mortality attributed to airbag use for drivers in head-on collision compared with other driver in the same collision11	0.71 (0.58 –0.87)
Use of helmets by motorcyclists	Reduced mortality for motorcyclists wearing helmets in a crash compared with passengers, as analyzed by double pairs12	0.72 (0.64–0.80)
Graduated licensing	Reduced risk of a fatal crash for 16-year-old drivers who have graduated licences compared with those with regular licences13	0.74 (0.65–0.84)
Treatment at level 1 trauma centres	Reduced in-hospital mortality for patients treated at level 1 trauma centres compared with patients at nontrauma centres14	0.80 (0.66–0.98)
Traffic-calming measures	Reduced fatal and nonfatal collisions on traffic-calmed roadways before and after intervention15	0.85 (0.75–0.96)
Daytime running headlights	Reduced odds of multivehicle daytime collision before and after implementation of daytime running lights16	0.89 (0.85–0.92)
Increased speed limits	Reduction in fatality after increased speed limits compared with same roads before increased speed limits17	0.97 (NA)
Driver education	No decrease in serious motor vehicle collisions with driver education from meta-analysis of randomized trials18	0.98 (0.96–1.01)

Note: CI = confidence interval, NA = not available, RR = risk ratio.