Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis of late (>6 weeks) mortality
| Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | HR (95 % CI) | p | HR (95 % CI) | |
| Age (years)a | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.06–1.08) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) |
| Sex (female) | 0.804 | 1.03 (0.84–1.25) | ||
| Severely impaired LV function (EF < 30 %) | 0.040 | 1.57 (1.02–2.41) | 0.062 | 1.51 (0.98–2.34) |
| Hypertension | 0.003 | 1.33 (1.10–1.61) | 0.449 | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) |
| Diabetes mellitus | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.44–2.29) | 0.003 | 1.44 (1.13–1.83) |
| Endocarditis | 0.115 | 0.62 (0.34–1.12) | ||
| Gradient groupb | ||||
| 10–19 mmHg | 0.107 | 0.85 (0.69–1.04) | 0.781 | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) |
| ≥20 mmHg | 0.815 | 0.96 (0.69–1.34) | 0.496 | 1.13 (0.80–1.59) |
| Gradienta | 0.156 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | ||
| Body mass index, BMI (kg/m2) | 0.535 | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | ||
| Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) | <0.001 | 2.37 (1.84–3.06) | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.40–2.35) |
| Renal dysfunction | <0.001 | 2.21 (1.53–3.18) | 0.007 | 1.66 (1.15–2.41) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.37–2.12) | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.37–2.13) |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | <0.001 | 2.09 (1.50–2.92) | 0.001 | 1.78 (1.27–2.49) |
| Mechanical prosthetic valvec | <0.001 | 0.45 (0.37–0.55) | 0.394 | 0.90 (0.70–1.15) |
| Concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.29–1.88) | 0.920 | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (min)a | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.011 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) |
| Aortic cross-clamp time (min)a | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.495 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) |
| Prosthesis–patient mismatch (PPM) (EOAI ≤0.85 cm2/m2) | 0.175 | 1.20 (0.92–1.56) | ||
| Severe PPM (EOAI <0.65 cm2/m2) | 0.423 | 1.77 (0.44–7.09) | ||
| Previous cardiac surgery | 0.151 | 1.29 (0.91–1.82) | ||
CI confidence interval, EF ejection fraction, HR hazard ratio, LV left ventricular
aEntered as a continuous variable
bCompared to low-gradient group
cCompared to biological valves