Table 1. Baseline characteristics (n=78).
| Baseline characteristics | Mean ± SD or n (%) |
|---|---|
| Age | 60.5 [53-66] |
| Gender (male/female) | 60/18 (76.9/23.1) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1±3.6 |
| Hypertension | 31 (39.7) |
| Diabetes | 1 (1.3) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1 (1.3) |
| Renal disease | 0 (0) |
| Chronic lung disease | 6 (7.7) |
| Prior TIA | 2 (2.6) |
| Prior stroke | 2 (2.6) |
| Type of AF | |
| Paroxysmal AF | 29 (37.2) |
| Persistent AF | 34 (43.6) |
| Long-standing persistent AF | 15 (19.2) |
| AF duration [years] | 4 [2-7] |
| EHRA score | 2 [2-3] |
| CHADS2 score | 1.5 (–1.2-1.8) |
| PCI | 4 (5.1) |
| Pacemaker | 3 (3.8) |
| Prior cardiac ablation: AF | 25 (32.1) |
| Prior cardiac ablation: AFL | 12 (15.4) |
| Prior cardiac ablation: other | 2 (2.6) |
| Previous electrical cardioversion | 40 (51.3) |
| Antiarrhythmic drugs | |
| Amiodarone | 14 (17.9) |
| Disopyramide | 2 (2.6) |
| Flecainide | 23 (29.5) |
| Dronedarone | 0 (0) |
| Procainamide | 0 (0) |
| Propafenone | 2 (2.6) |
| Quinidine | 0 (0) |
| Sotalol | 21 (26.9) |
| ASA | 7 (9.0) |
| VKA | 68 (87.2) |
| LA size (mm) | 45 [42-48] |
| LAV (mL) | 91.1±24.2 |
| LAVI (mL/m2) | 49.9±14.0 |
| LVEF (%) | 60 [51-65] |
BMI, body mass index; TIA, transient ischemic attack; AF, atrial fibrillation; AFL, atrial flutter; EHRA, European Heart Rhythm Association score; CHADS2, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack score; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; AFL, atrial flutter; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; VKA, Vitamin K antagonists; LAV, left atrial volume; LAVI, left atrial volume index.