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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS. 2013 Jun 1;27(9):1461–1471. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283601b53

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of sample (N=1238) grouped by intervention condition: Philani Intervention Program (PIP, N=644) vs. Standard Care (SC, N=594). 1

PIP (N=644) n (%) SC (N=594) n (%) Total (N=1238) n (%) P-Value 2
Demographic Characteristics
 Mean age (SD) 26.5 (5.5) 26.3 (5.6) 26.4 (5.5) 0.783
 Mean highest education level (SD) 10.3 (1.8) 10.3 (1.8) 10.3(1.8) 0.639
 Married or lives with partner 377 (58.5) 324 (54.6) 701 (56.6) 0.524
 Ever employed 129 (20.0) 104 (17.5) 233 (18.8) 0.341
 Monthly household income >2000 Rand 280 (45.6) 279 (48.1) 559 (46.8) 0.484
 Formal housing 197 (30.6) 191 (32.2) 388 (31.3) 0.958
 Water on site 333 (51.7) 327 (55.1) 660 (53.3) 0.983
 Flush toilet 340 (52.8) 343 (57.7) 683 (55.2) 0.923
 Electricity 569 (88.4) 543 (91.4) 1112 (89.8) 0.843
 Mother hungry past week 312 (48.4) 301 (50.7) 613 (49.5) 0.350
 Children hungry past week 175 (27.2) 185 (31.1) 360 (29.1) 0.054
Maternal Health
 Non-primipara 422 (65.5) 394 (66.3) 816 (65.9) 0.714
  Mean number of live births (SD) 1.5 (0.9) 1.7 (1.1) 1.6 (1.0) 0.005*
 Antenatal clinic appointment 504 (78.3) 376 (75.2) 880 (76.9) 0.330
 Tested for TB, lifetime 206 (32.0) 210 (35.4) 416 (33.6) 0.225
  Test positive TB, lifetime 53 (8.2) 50 (9.4) 103 (8.8) 0.438
Mental Health
 EPDS > 13 238 (37.0) 195 (32.8) 433 (35.0) 0.265
HIV and Reproductive Health Behaviour
 Sexual partner, past 3 months 580 (90.1) 522 (87.9) 1102 (89.0) 0.284
  Knowledge of partner HIV status 0.523
   Partner HIV+ 46 (7.9) 50 (9.6) 96 (8.7)
   Partner HIV− 325 (56.0) 296 (56.7) 621 (56.4)
   Partner serostatus unknown, or no response 209 (36.0) 176 (33.7) 385 (34.9)
  Request partner HIV test 391 (82.5) 355 (83.1) 746 (82.8) 0.790
 Ever tested for HIV 590 (91.6) 550 (92.6) 1140 (92.1) 0.566
  Received HIV test results 584 (99.0) 547 (99.5) 1131 (99.2) 0.399
   Women living with HIV 149 (25.5) 146 (26.7) 295 (26.1) 0.649
    Mean number people disclosed to (SD) 3.8 (4.5) 5.0 (7.2) 4.4 (6.0) 0.104
    Sexual partner, past 3 months 127 (85.2) 125 (85.6) 252 (85.4) 0.947
     Disclosed to partner 99 (73.9) 105 (82.7) 204 (78.2) 0.140
     Knowledge of partner HIV status 0.260
      Partner HIV+ 42 (33.1) 50 (40.0) 92 (36.5)
      Partner HIV− 13 (10.2) 17 (13.6) 30 (11.9)
      Partner serostatus unknown, or no response 72 (56.7) 58 (46.4) 130 (51.6)
Alcohol
 Drank any alcohol, month prior to pregnancy discovery 155 (24.1) 129 (25.8) 284 (24.8) 0.592
 AUDIT-C > 2, month prior to pregnancy discovery 113 (17.6) 101 (20.2) 214 (18.7) 0.323
 Drank any alcohol after pregnancy discovery 56 (8.7) 49 (9.8) 105 (9.2) 0.540
 AUDIT-C > 2, after pregnancy discovery 41 (6.4) 24 (4.8) 65 (5.7) 0.385
 Drank any alcohol, anytime during pregnancy 172 (26.7) 154 (25.9) 326 (26.3) 0.808
Low Birth Weight (LBW)
 Previous LBW infants, among non-primiparous mothers 61 (14.5) 69 (17.5) 130 (15.9) 0.117
1

Sample size for SC includes 500 regular-entry controls and 94 late-entry controls.

2

P-values from linear (continuous variables), logistic (binary), or multinomial (categorical, >2 levels) random effects regressions, adjusted for neighbourhood clustering.

*

p<0.05

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