Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of sample (N=1238) grouped by intervention condition: Philani Intervention Program (PIP, N=644) vs. Standard Care (SC, N=594). 1
PIP (N=644) n (%) | SC (N=594) n (%) | Total (N=1238) n (%) | P-Value 2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic Characteristics | ||||
Mean age (SD) | 26.5 (5.5) | 26.3 (5.6) | 26.4 (5.5) | 0.783 |
Mean highest education level (SD) | 10.3 (1.8) | 10.3 (1.8) | 10.3(1.8) | 0.639 |
Married or lives with partner | 377 (58.5) | 324 (54.6) | 701 (56.6) | 0.524 |
Ever employed | 129 (20.0) | 104 (17.5) | 233 (18.8) | 0.341 |
Monthly household income >2000 Rand | 280 (45.6) | 279 (48.1) | 559 (46.8) | 0.484 |
Formal housing | 197 (30.6) | 191 (32.2) | 388 (31.3) | 0.958 |
Water on site | 333 (51.7) | 327 (55.1) | 660 (53.3) | 0.983 |
Flush toilet | 340 (52.8) | 343 (57.7) | 683 (55.2) | 0.923 |
Electricity | 569 (88.4) | 543 (91.4) | 1112 (89.8) | 0.843 |
Mother hungry past week | 312 (48.4) | 301 (50.7) | 613 (49.5) | 0.350 |
Children hungry past week | 175 (27.2) | 185 (31.1) | 360 (29.1) | 0.054 |
Maternal Health | ||||
Non-primipara | 422 (65.5) | 394 (66.3) | 816 (65.9) | 0.714 |
Mean number of live births (SD) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.6 (1.0) | 0.005* |
Antenatal clinic appointment | 504 (78.3) | 376 (75.2) | 880 (76.9) | 0.330 |
Tested for TB, lifetime | 206 (32.0) | 210 (35.4) | 416 (33.6) | 0.225 |
Test positive TB, lifetime | 53 (8.2) | 50 (9.4) | 103 (8.8) | 0.438 |
Mental Health | ||||
EPDS > 13 | 238 (37.0) | 195 (32.8) | 433 (35.0) | 0.265 |
HIV and Reproductive Health Behaviour | ||||
Sexual partner, past 3 months | 580 (90.1) | 522 (87.9) | 1102 (89.0) | 0.284 |
Knowledge of partner HIV status | 0.523 | |||
Partner HIV+ | 46 (7.9) | 50 (9.6) | 96 (8.7) | |
Partner HIV− | 325 (56.0) | 296 (56.7) | 621 (56.4) | |
Partner serostatus unknown, or no response | 209 (36.0) | 176 (33.7) | 385 (34.9) | |
Request partner HIV test | 391 (82.5) | 355 (83.1) | 746 (82.8) | 0.790 |
Ever tested for HIV | 590 (91.6) | 550 (92.6) | 1140 (92.1) | 0.566 |
Received HIV test results | 584 (99.0) | 547 (99.5) | 1131 (99.2) | 0.399 |
Women living with HIV | 149 (25.5) | 146 (26.7) | 295 (26.1) | 0.649 |
Mean number people disclosed to (SD) | 3.8 (4.5) | 5.0 (7.2) | 4.4 (6.0) | 0.104 |
Sexual partner, past 3 months | 127 (85.2) | 125 (85.6) | 252 (85.4) | 0.947 |
Disclosed to partner | 99 (73.9) | 105 (82.7) | 204 (78.2) | 0.140 |
Knowledge of partner HIV status | 0.260 | |||
Partner HIV+ | 42 (33.1) | 50 (40.0) | 92 (36.5) | |
Partner HIV− | 13 (10.2) | 17 (13.6) | 30 (11.9) | |
Partner serostatus unknown, or no response | 72 (56.7) | 58 (46.4) | 130 (51.6) | |
Alcohol | ||||
Drank any alcohol, month prior to pregnancy discovery | 155 (24.1) | 129 (25.8) | 284 (24.8) | 0.592 |
AUDIT-C > 2, month prior to pregnancy discovery | 113 (17.6) | 101 (20.2) | 214 (18.7) | 0.323 |
Drank any alcohol after pregnancy discovery | 56 (8.7) | 49 (9.8) | 105 (9.2) | 0.540 |
AUDIT-C > 2, after pregnancy discovery | 41 (6.4) | 24 (4.8) | 65 (5.7) | 0.385 |
Drank any alcohol, anytime during pregnancy | 172 (26.7) | 154 (25.9) | 326 (26.3) | 0.808 |
Low Birth Weight (LBW) | ||||
Previous LBW infants, among non-primiparous mothers | 61 (14.5) | 69 (17.5) | 130 (15.9) | 0.117 |
Sample size for SC includes 500 regular-entry controls and 94 late-entry controls.
P-values from linear (continuous variables), logistic (binary), or multinomial (categorical, >2 levels) random effects regressions, adjusted for neighbourhood clustering.
p<0.05