Table 3.

ILI and DSE participants’ reports of their physical activity, calorie restriction, and other weight control behaviors.

Variable	Baseline			Year 1			Year 4			Year 8
	ILI	DSE	p value	ILI	DSE	p value	ILI	DSE	p value	ILI	DSE	p value
Physical activity (kcal/wk)	859.5 ± 31.9	862.4 ± 34.3	0.376	1737.8 ± 47.6	968.9 ± 40.9	<.001	1245.4 ± 43.2	974.7 ± 36.0	<.001	1040.2 ± 35.3	853.2 ± 27.3	0.001
Increased exercise (no. wk/yr)	10.3 ± 0.3	10.1 ± 0.3	0.696	35.6 ± 0.4	12.2 ± 0.4	<.001	13.8 ± 0.4	10.2 ± 0.4	<.001	10.9 ± 0.4	8.7 ± 0.4	<.001
Reduced kcal (no. wk/yr)	8.8 ± 0.3	9.3 ± 0.3	0.222	40.1 ± 0.4	12.6 ±0.4	<.001	21.0 ± 0.4	12.1 ± 0.4	<.001	17.9 ± 0.4	11.0 ± 0.4	<.001
Reduced fat (no. wk/yr)	12.6 ± 0.4	12.8 ± 0.4	0.627	41.2 ± 0.4	16.4 ± 0.4	<.001	24.4 ± 0.5	16.2 ± 0.5	<.001	20.8 ± 0.5	14.1 ± 0.5	<.001
Meal replacements (no. wk/yr)	1.6 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.1	0.720	39.0 ± 0.3	3.5 ± 0.3	<.001	24.3 ± 0.4	2.0 ± 0.4	<.001	17.2 ± 0.4	1.8 ± 0.4	<.001
Monitored weight
≥ Weekly, N (%)	1041 (40.5)	1052 (40.9)	0.798	2290 (91.1)	1085 (43.7)	<.001	1769 (73.1)	1045 (43.5)	<.001	1555 (67.2)	1027 (45.1)	<.001
≥ Daily, N (%)	301 (11.7)	318 (12.3)	0.479	1162 (46.2)	318 (12.8)	<.001	822 (34.0)	315 (13.1)	<.001	754 (32.6)	319 (14.0)	<.001

Values shown for physical activity are raw means ± SE; the p value is from a model that uses the log-transformed value of the measure. P values are adjusted for clinical site and the log of the baseline value (for years 1, 4, and 8). All other values are LS means ± standard error or frequency count (percentage). P values are adjusted for clinical site and baseline value (for years 1, 4, and 8). (As noted in the Methods section, at baseline and years 1 and 4, only participants at eight centers [i.e., the same each year] completed the Paffenbarger Activity Questionnaire²⁷; in year 8, participants at all sites completed it.)