Table 5. Effects of Depression Diagnosis Modifiers on F0-Based Acoustic Cues.
| Modifier | Levels | Mean F0 (Hz) | Mean ΔF0 (Hz) | Mean F0 S.D. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recurrent/Single | recurrent (n=41) | 280.5 (53.9) | 131.5 (59.0)a | 59.0 (25.3) |
| single (n=9) | 263.5 (71.8) | 88.4 (35.7)b | 56.4 (9.2) | |
| Timing of Onset | postpartum (n=20) | 269.9 (67.2) | 137.0 (72.9) | 63.0 (25.4) |
| prenatal (n=24) | 278.2 (39.9) | 106.0 (34.6) | 53.0 (18.4) | |
| Severity (MDD) | mild (n=21) | 266.9 (50.9) | 133.5 (62.4) | 55.2 (23.8) |
| moderate (n=19) | 273.9 (61.4) | 121.0 (60.3) | 60.1 (23.9) | |
| severe (n=4) | 294.1 (68.1) | 98.3 (51.4) | 54.6 (19.1) |
Number in parentheses are standard deviations. Means with different subscripts (across rows) differ significantly (p = .05). Ratings of severity of depression apply only to mothers diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Mean F0 refers to the average pitch across all 3 distinct “gorilla” utterances; mean ΔF0 refers to the average pitch range, a gross measure of change in pitch; mean F0 SD refers to the standard deviation of the pitch in “gorilla” utterances, a measure of the dispersion of F0 in relation to the mean.