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. 2013 Dec 9;65(2):621–639. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert412

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© The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 8. — Scanning electron micrographs of pollen produced in various AIF transgenic plants. (A) Anther was dehiscent and pollen (arrowed) were released in a stage 14 wild-type flower. (B) Close-up of the egg-shaped wild-type pollen grains (arrowed) with a slightly triangular aspect from (A). e, epidermis. (C) Close-up of the wild-type pollen grains from (B). Colpi (arrowed) and outer exine (ex) with a typical irregular wall structure were observed on the surface of the pollen. (D) The anther was indehiscent and pollen were not released in a stage 14 35S:AIF-C flower. st, stomium. (E) Close-up of the indehiscent stomium (st) of the 35S:AIF-C anther from (D). e, epidermis. (F) Close-up of severely collapsed pollen grains (arrowed) when the anther was opened manually from (D). ex, outer exine. (G) Anther was indehiscent and pollen were not released in a stage 14 AIF-C+SRDX flower. st, stomium. (H) Close-up of the indehiscent stomium (st) of the AIF-C+SRDX anther from (G). e, epidermis. (I) Close-up of a severely collapsed pollen grain when the anther was opened manually from (G). ex, outer exine. (J) Anther was dehiscent and wild-type-like pollen (arrowed) was released in a stage 14 AIF-C+VP16 flower. (K) Close-up of the wild-type-like pollen grains (arrowed) from (J). e, epidermis. (L) Close-up of the wild-type-like pollen grains from (K). Colpi (arrowed) and outer exine (ex) were observed on the surface of the pollen. (M) Close-up of the epidermal cells (~100–120 μm in length) in the stamen filament of a mature wild-type flower from (A). (N) Close-up of the epidermal cells (~30–50 μm in length) in the stamen filament of a 35S:AIF-C flower from (D), which are approximately three times shorter than those in (M). (O) Close-up of the epidermal cells (~30–50 μm in length) in the stamen filament of an AIF-C+SRDX flower from (G), which are approximately three times shorter than those in (M). (P) Close-up of the epidermal cells (~100–130 μm in length) in the stamen filament of an AIF-C+VP16 flower from (J), which are similar to those in (M). Bar=150 μm in A, D, G, and J; 50 μm in M, N, O, and P; 20 μm in B, E, H, and K; and 5 μm in C, F, I, and L.