Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants in relation to oral cavity arsenical lesions
| Variables | Normal | Gums Arsenical lesions | Other | p-value | Normal | Lips Arsenical lesions | Other | p-value | Normal | Tongue Arsenical lesions | Other | p- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||||
| Age (years) | (N=11,454) | (N=35) | (N=47) | 0.002 | (N=11,497) | (N=17) | (N=21) | 0.008 | (N=11,400) | (N=79) | (N=57) | <0.001 |
| 17–30 | 3,583(31) | 6(17) | 5(11) | 3,590(31) | 3(18) | 1(5) | 3,565(31) | 13(16) | 16(28) | |||
| 31–40 | 4,081(36) | 15(43) | 16(34) | 4,099(36) | 5(29) | 7(33) | 4,065(36) | 22(28) | 25(44) | |||
| 41–75 | 3,790(33) | 14(40) | 26(55) | 3,808(33) | 9(53) | 13(62) | 3,770(33) | 44(56) | 16(28) | |||
| Sex | (N=11,454) | (N=35) | (N=47) | 0.004 | (N=11,497) | (N=17) | (N=21) | 0.001 | (N=11,400) | (N=79) | (N=57) | 0.004 |
| Male | 4,889(43) | 21(60) | 29(62) | 4,911(43) | 14(82) | 13(62) | 4,869(43) | 48(61) | 22(39) | |||
| Female | 6,565(57) | 14(40) | 18(38) | 6,586(57) | 3(18) | 8(38) | 6,531(57) | 31(39) | 35(61) | |||
| Education (years) | (N=11,448) | (N=35) | (N=47) | 0.071 | (N=11,491) | (N=17) | (N=21) | 0.114 | (N=11,394) | (N=79) | (N=57) | 0.316 |
| No education | 5,075(44) | 18(51) | 28(60) | 5,105(44) | 6(35) | 9(43) | 5,050(44) | 40(51) | 31(54) | |||
| 1–4 years | 1,666(15) | 7(20) | 8(17) | 1,670(15) | 6(35) | 5(24) | 1,660(15) | 12(15) | 9(16) | |||
| 5–16 years | 4,707(41) | 10(29) | 11(23) | 4,716(41) | 5(30) | 7(33) | 4,684(41) | 27(34) | 17(30) | |||
| Own cultivation land | (N=11,451) | (N=35) | (N=47) | 0.609 | (N=11,494) | (N=17) | (N=21) | 0.937 | (N=11,397) | (N=79) | (N=57) | 0.510 |
| Yes | 5,698(50) | 17(49) | 20(43) | 5,714(50) | 9(53) | 11(52) | 5,674(50) | 36(46) | 25(44) | |||
| No | 5,753(50) | 18(51) | 27(57) | 5,780(50) | 8(47) | 10(48) | 5,723(50) | 43(54) | 32(56) |
Two-sided χ2 test; missing values were excluded from the statistical comparison. Fisher’s exact p-values were used where cells less than 5.
Abbreviations: Normal = no symptoms, arsenical lesions = arsenicosis symptoms due to arsenic exposure, other = other pathological conditions except arsenical lesions.
N = number.