Table 2.
Lifestyle characteristics of the participants in relation to oral cavity arsenical lesions
| Variables | Normal | Gums Arsenical lesions | Other | p-value | Normal | Lips Arsenical lesions | Other | p-value | Normal | Tongue Arsenical lesions | Other | p- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||||
| Total arsenic in urine (μg/g) | (N=11,131) | (N=34) | (N=45) | 0.072 | (N=11,171) | (N=17) | (N=21) | 0.238 | (N=11,077) | (N=77) | (N=56) | 0.012 |
| 7.0–134.0 | 3,713(33) | 6(18) | 9(20) | 3,719(33) | 3(18) | 6(29) | 3,699(33) | 15(20) | 14(25) | |||
| 134.1–286.0 | 3,717(34) | 12(35) | 20(44) | 3,730(34) | 7(41) | 11(52) | 3,706(34) | 24(31) | 19(33) | |||
| 286.1–5000.0 | 3,701(33) | 16(47) | 16(36) | 3,722(33) | 7(41) | 4(19) | 3,672(33) | 38(49) | 23(41) | |||
| Mean total arsenic in urine (μg/g) | 282.0 | 515.8 | 324.6 | 282.8 | 373.4 | 265.6 | 281.4 | 457.9 | 345.3 | |||
| Cigarette smoking | (N=11,452) | (N=35) | (N=47) | <0.001 | (N=11,495) | (N=17) | (N=21) | <0.001 | (N=11,398) | (N=79) | (N=57) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 3,286(29) | 15(43) | 27(57) | 3,304(29) | 10(59) | 13(62) | 3,268(29) | 39(49) | 21(37) | |||
| No | 8,166(71) | 20(57) | 20(43) | 8,191(71) | 7(41) | 8(38) | 8,130(71) | 40(51) | 36(63) | |||
| Betel leaf chewing | (N=11,452) | (N=35) | (N=47) | 0.406 | (N=11,495) | (N=17) | (N=21) | 0.857 | (N=11,398) | (N=79) | (N=57) | 0.060 |
| Yes | 4,055(35) | 13(37) | 21(45) | 4,074(35) | 7(41) | 8(38) | 4,030(35) | 38(48) | 21(37) | |||
| No | 7,397(65) | 22(63) | 26(55) | 7,421(65) | 10(59) | 13(62) | 7,368(65) | 41(52) | 36(63) |
Two-sided χ2 test; missing values were excluded from the statistical comparison. Fisher’s exact p-values were used where cells less than 5.
Abbreviations: Normal = no symptoms, arsenical lesions = arsenicosis symptoms due to arsenic exposure, other = other pathological conditions except arsenical lesions.
N = number.