Table 1.

Lifetime prevalence of alcohol and drug use comparing reservation AI and MTF students in the U.S.,combining years 2009–2011

^aa = 0.01

^bNarcotics other than heroin examples used in survey wording: ADAS: codeine, methadone, opium, and morphine; MTF: methadone, opium, morphine, codeine, Demerol, Vicodin, OxyContin, and Percocet.

^cAmphetamine examples used in survey wording: ADAS: uppers, bennies, speed, etc., not including legal stimulants; MTF: uppers, ups, pep pills, and drugs such as Adderall and Ritalin, taken without a doctor's permission and not including nonprescription drugs.

^da = 0.05

^eOther psychedelic examples used in survey wording: ADAS: mescaline, peyote, mushrooms, etc.; MTF: mescaline, Peyote, “shrooms” or Psilocybin, and PCP. MTF uses the wording “hallucinogens” in place of “psychedelics.”

AI = American Indian

MTF = Monitoring the Future

ADAS = American Drug and Alcohol Survey

CI = confidence interval

NA = not available

LSD = lysergic acid diethylamide

PCP = phencyclidine