Table 2. Odds ratios showing the effect of social variables on contraceptive choice, adjusting for relevant characteristics and random effects (n = 19675).

	Traditional vs. sterilization	Modern vs. sterilization
Women's caste
General (ref)	1.000	1.000
Scheduled caste	0.965	0.990
Scheduled tribe	0.471***	0.760*
Other backward caste	0.872	0.943
Women's religion
Hindu (ref)	1.000	1.000
Muslim	3.633***	5.207***
Other	0.976	1.190
Women's education
None (ref)	1.000	1.000
Primary	0.868	1.130
Secondary	1.106	1.465***
Higher	1.456*	2.358***
Women's occupation
Not working (ref)	1.000	1.000
Professional, skilled	0.772	0.709**
Service, skilled-manual	0.856	0.783**
Agricultural	0.846*	0.612***
Household wealth
Poorest (ref)	1.000	1.000
Poorer	0.803*	0.908
Middle	0.713**	0.934
Richer	0.818	1.97
Richest	0.866	1.487**
Respondent heard FP on radio
No (ref)	1.000	1.000
Yes	1.275***	1.177**
Respondent heard FP on TV
No (ref)	1.000	1.000
Yes	0.823**	1.135*
Respondent heard FP on newspaper
No (ref)	1.000	1.000
Yes	1.119	1.108
Household type
Nuclear (ref)	1.000	1.000
Non-nuclear	1.054	0.989
Women's health care decision
Both husband and wife (ref)	1.000	1.000
Wife	0.815**	0.880*
Husband	1.003	0.967
Other	0.930	0.868
Women's age
35+ (ref)	1.000	1.000
15–25	0.679**	1.111
25–34	0.601***	0.812*
No. of living children
0 (ref)	1.000	1.000
1	0.237*	0.399
2	0.008***	0.017***
3	0.005***	0.010***
4+	0.005***	0.010***
No. of living sons
0 (ref)	1.000	1.000
1	0.463***	0.535***
2	0.239***	0.281***
3	0.295***	0.415***
4+	0.284***	0.450***
Region
South (ref)	1.000	1.000
North	13.105***	22.421***
East	25.028***	14.154***
Northeast	111.052***	57.397***
West	5.155***	5.641***
Central	28.503***	17.814***
Place of residence
Rural (ref)	1.000	1.000
Urban	0.803**	1.116

Note: *p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; PSU level covariance was significant at 1%; Data source: Indian National Family Health Survey, 2005–06.