Skip to main content
. 2014 Jan 6;14:1. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-1

Table 1.

Patient characteristics and laboratory and clinical data of patients assessed with the CHS and SOF frailty index*

 
CHS frailty index (N = 220 patients)
SOF index (N = 204 patients)
  Nonfrail and prefrail (n = 132) Frail (n = 88) P Nonfrail (n = 32) Prefrail (n = 106) Frail (n = 66) p
Age (y), mean ± SD
83.7 ± 4.8
83.3 ± 5.4
0.58
83.1 ± 5.2
83.8 ± 5.1
83.5 ± 5.1
0.77
Female, n (%)
81 (62)
45 (51)
0.1
15 (47)
64 (60)
38 (58)
0.39
Number of comorbidities, mean ± SD
2.33 ± 1.5
3.4 ± 2
<0.001
2 ± 1.3a
2.4 ± 1.4
3.1 ± 1.8
0.005
Number of medications taken at home, mean ± SD
7.5 ± 3.5
8.9 ± 3.5
0.005
7 ± 3.9b
7.7 ± 3.1
8.9 ± 3.6
0.012
Hemoglobin, g/dl, mean ± SD
12.3 (2.1)
11.7 (2.1)
0.07
12.7 ± 2.1
12.1 ± 2.0
11.8 ± 2.0
0.09
  Hemoglobin < 10, n (%)
19 (15)
18 (20)
0.32
4 (13)
16 (15)
13 (20)
0.36
  Hemoglobin ≥10 and <12 (F) or < 13 (M), n(%)
39 (30)
30 (34)
 
6 (19)
35 (33)
21 (32)
 
  Hemoglobin ≥12 (F) or ≥ 13 (M), n (%)
73 (55)
41 (46)
 
22 (68)
55 (53)
32 (48)
 
C-reactive protein (mg/L), mean ± SD
43.6 ± 74
45 ± 63
0.12
51 ± 84
45.5 ± 77
42 ± 61
0.68
eGFR (ml/min), mean ± SD
54.6 ± 22
49.9 ± 24.6
0.16
59.2 ± 18
54.4 ± 23
49.2 ± 24
0.12
Education
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Low (<15 y), n (%)
52 (39.4)
36 (40.1)
0.78
14 (43.8)
43 (40.5)
26 (39.4)
0.9
  Moderate (12–18 y), n (%)
66 (50)
41 (46.5)
 
15 (46.9)
52 (49)
32 (48.5)
 
  High (≥18 y), n (%)
14 (10.6)
11 (12.5)
 
3 (9.3)
11 (10.4)
8 (12.1)
 
MMSE short form, mean ± SD (range 0–12)
8.5 ± 3.0
8.1 ± 3.1
0.2
9.2 ± 2.9
8.2 ± 3.1
8.8 ± 2.5
0.12
ADL, mean ± SD
2.6 ± 3.0
4.5 ± 3.0
<0.001
1.1 ± 1.7c
3.3 ± 3.1
4.1 ± 3.1
<0.001
GDS, mean ± SD
2.7 ± 2.2
4.4 ± 2.6
<0.001
2.5 ± 2.1
3.0 ± 2.4
4.2 ± 2.6d
0.001
Patients with delirium during hospitalization, n (%)
14 (10.6)
10 (11.4)
0.86
2 (6.3)
12 (11.3)
6 (9.1)
0.68
Patients with ≥ 1 fall during hospitalization, n (%)
10 (7.6)
8 (9.1)
0.7
0 (0)
12 (11.3)
5 (7.6)
0.12
Length of stay, days, mean ± SD
15 ± 11.6
17.4 ± 13.1
0.17
12.2 ± 8.7
15.5 ± 11.6
17.9 ± 13.2
0.08
Mortality during hospitalization, n (%)
1 (0.8)
9 (10.2)
0.001
0 (0)
3 (2.8)
7 (10.6)
0.02
Morality 6 months after hospitalizatione, n (%) 7/127 (5.5) 23/77 (30) <0.001 0/31 (0) 12/99 (12) 13/59 (22) 0.01

Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, M male, F female, CHS Cardiovascular Health Study, SOF Study of Osteoporotic Fracture, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ADL activities of daily living, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale.

*A total of 220 patients were included. Of the 220 patients who had complete CHS data, 204 had complete SOF data.

aNonfrail patients significantly different from frail patients (p = 0.006 after Bonferroni correction).

bNonfrail patients significantly different from frail patients (p = 0.03 after Bonferroni correction).

cNonfrail patients significantly different from prefrail (p = 0.001 after Bonferroni correction) and frail patients (p < 0.001 after Bonferroni correction).

dFrail patients significantly different from prefrail (p = 0.01 after Bonferroni correction) and nonfrail(p = 0.005 after Bonferroni correction) patients.

eData for 6-month mortality were available for 204 patients assessed with the CHS index and 189 patients assessed with the SOF index.