Table 6.
Association of action state (adherence) factors with unsuppressed viral load among refugees and local host community on HAART for ≥25 weeks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (N = 222)
| Factor | Prevalence ≥40 copies/mL, n/N (%) | p value, crude odds ratio (95 % CI) | p value, adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI)a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adherence to medication schedule, self-reported | p = 0.44 | p = 0.81 | |
| Never, sometimes, half of the time, most of the time | 12/62 (19) | 1 | 1 |
| All of the time | 24/160 (15) | 0.74 (0.34, 1.58) | 0.90 (0.39, 2.08) |
| Adherence, visual analogue scale self-report, past month (%)b | p = 0.01 | p = 0.17 | |
| 0− | 5/13 (39) | 1 | 1 |
| 80− | 10/46 (22) | 0.50 (0.29, 0.86) | 0.65 (0.35, 1.19) |
| 95+ | 21/163 (13) | ||
| Adherence, dose-by-dose self-report, past four days (%) | p = 0.04 | p = 0.30 | |
| 0− | 4/9 (44) | 1 | 1 |
| 95+ | 32/213 (15) | 0.22 (0.06, 0.87) | 0.32 (0.06, 1.76) |
| Adherence, pharmacy refill schedule, HAART start or 24 monthsb | p = 0.002 | p = 0.009 | |
| 0− | 8/22 (36) | 1 | 1 |
| 80− | 12/53 (23) | 0.45 (0.28, 0.73) | 0.47 (0.27, 0.83) |
| 95+ | 16/147 (11) | ||
| Treatment interruptions of ≥1 day, self-report, past month | p = 0.003 | p = 0.08 | |
| None | 27/200 (14) | 1 | 1 |
| Any | 9/22 (41) | 4.44 (1.73, 11.38) | 2.77 (0.91, 8.43) |
| Unintentional underdosing | p = 0.32 | p = 0.30 | |
| No | 27/180 (15) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 9/42 (21) | 1.55 (0.67, 3.59) | 1.66 (0.65, 4.24) |
Note: 32 clients with incomplete data were excluded (five missing viral loads; 13 missing pharmacy claim records). Clients with missing data were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from those retained for analyses on age, sex, refugee status, and time on HAART
aAdjusted for age group, sex, refugee status, travel in past year, time to clinic, time on HAART, time from diagnosis to HAART start, and previous regimen switch
bFactor modelled as a linear effect (single common odds ratio presented)