Table 7.
Final multivariate model for factors associated with unsuppressed viral load among refugees and a local host community on HAART for ≥25 weeks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| Factor | p value, crude odds ratio (95 % CI) | p value, adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI)a |
|---|---|---|
| Age group (years)b | p = 0.69 | p = 0.68 |
| 18− | 1 | 1 |
| 30− | 0.90 (0.52, 1.55) | 1.15 (0.60, 2.20) |
| 40+ | ||
| Refugee status | p = 0.19 | p = 0.60 |
| Host | 1 | 1 |
| Refugee | 1.59 (0.77, 3.28) | 1.28 (0.52, 3.14) |
| Sex | p = 0.04 | p = 0.05 |
| Male | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 0.41 (0.16, 1.04) | 0.39 (0.14, 1.05) |
| Time on HAART (years)b | p = 0.79 | p = 0.53 |
| 0− | 1 | 1 |
| 1− | 1.06 (0.68, 1.67) | 1.17 (0.69, 1.96) |
| 2+ | ||
| Time from diagnosis to start (weeks)b | p = 0.03 | p = 0.04 |
| 0− | 1 | 1 |
| 25− | 0.61 (0.39, 0.95) | 0.64 (0.41, 0.99) |
| 50+ | ||
| Temporary migration (≥1 continuous month in past year) | p < 0.001 | p = 0.002 |
| No | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 4.21 (1.87, 9.50) | 4.12 (1.70, 9.99) |
| Average time to clinic (hours) | p = 0.01 | p = 0.02 |
| 0− | 1 | 1 |
| 1+ | 2.88 (1.14, 7.27) | 3.05 (1.09, 8.49) |
| Adherence, pharmacy refill schedule, HAART start or 24 monthsb,c | p = 0.002 | p = 0.007 |
| 0− | 1 | 1 |
| 80− | 0.45 (0.28, 0.73) | 0.47 (0.27, 0.81) |
| 95+ |
Note: 32 clients with incomplete data were excluded (five missing viral loads; 13 missing pharmacy claim records). Clients with missing data were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from those retained for analyses on age, sex, refugee status, and time on HAART
aConfounders pre-selected for retention in the final model included age group, refugee status and time on HAART. After the first model run, “previous regimen switch” did not meet p < 0.05 and was excluded
bFactor modelled as a linear effect (single common odds ratio presented)
cFactor not included in the final model process due to presumptive role as mediator; other final model factors were not adjusted for these designated factors