Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the 151 subjects
| Characteristics | n = 151 |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | |
| Median | 56 |
| Interquartile range | 48–63 |
| Maximum, minimum | 20, 83 |
| Male sex—n (%) | 91 (60 %) |
| Race—n (%) | |
| White | 95 (63 %) |
| African American | 26 (17 %) |
| Asian | 27 (18 %) |
| More than one race | 1 (1 %) |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific islander | 2 (1 %) |
| Ethnicity—n (%) | |
| Non-hispanic | 145 (96 %) |
| Hispanic | 6 (4 %) |
| Body mass index | |
| Median | 27 |
| Interquartile range | 25–32 |
| Normal <25 | 36 (24 %) |
| Overweight 25–30 | 67 (44 %) |
| Obese 30–40 | 38 (25 %) |
| Morbid obesity >40 | 11 (7 %) |
| CAD risk factors—n (%) | |
| Family history | 46 (30 %) |
| Hypertension | 106 (70 %) |
| Dyslipidemia | 105 (70 %) |
| Diabetes | 30 (20 %) |
| Smoking | 44 (29 %) |
| Known CAD—n (%) | 17 (11 %) |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 13 (9 %) |
| Coronary artery bypass surgery | 4 (3 %) |
| No prior CAD—n (%) | 134 (89 %) |
| Pretest probability for CAD | |
| Low | 38 (29 %) |
| Intermediate | 83 (62 %) |
| High | 12 (9 %) |
| Symptoms | |
| Typical angina | 37 (25 %) |
| Atypical angina | 64 (42 %) |
| Non-anginal chest pain | 24 (16 %) |
| Asymptomatic with prior equivocal stress test | 21 (14 %) |
| Asymptomatic | 4 (3 %) |
| Asymptomatic with new onset congestive heart failure | 1 (1 %) |
| Medications—n (%) | |
| Anti-platelet/anti-coagulant medications | |
| Aspirin | 78 (52 %) |
| Clopidogrel | 9 (6 %) |
| Warfarin | 4 (3 %) |
| Anti-hypertensive medications | |
| Beta blocker | 64 (42 %) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 20 (13 %) |
| ACE inhibitor | 44 (29 %) |
| ARB | 20 (13 %) |
| Diuretic | 39 (26 %) |
| Long acting nitrates | 13 (9 %) |
| Other anti-hypertensive (clonidine, renin inhibitor) | 3 (2 %) |
| Lipid medications | |
| Statin | 83 (55 %) |
| Other lipid therapy | 32 (21 %) |
| Diabetes medications | |
| Insulin | 4 (3 %) |
| Oral agents | 25 (17 %) |
| No cardiovascular medications | 27 (18 %) |
| Lab testing | |
| eGFR (mL/min) | |
| Median | 79 |
| Interquartile range | 67–92 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction | |
| Median | 62 % |
| Interquartile range | 57–68 % |
| Agatston coronary calcium score | |
| ≥1,000 | 12 (8 %) |
| 400–999 | 17 (11 %) |
| 100–399 | 26 (17 %) |
| 10–99 | 25 (17 %) |
| 1–9 | 9 (6 %) |
| 0 | 62 (41 %) |
CAD coronary artery disease, ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate