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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Nov 16;1842(2):164–174. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.011

Figure 10. A conceptual view of the mechanisms by which CM downregulates Hsp27 in HREC and bring about apoptosis in diabetes.

Figure 10

Inflammatory cytokines are upregulated in the diabetic eye. Inflammatory cytokines activate NOS2 and IDO to generate NO and ROS, respectively, which react to form ONOO·. The ONOO·, by an unknown mechanism, downregulates Hsp27 and brings about apoptosis of HREC. IFGNR=IFN-γ receptor1, ILR=IL-1β receptor, and TLR, TNF-α receptor.