Table 2.
Characteristics of included patients, by country
| Characteristics | Belgium, n = 327 | England, n = 196 | France, n = 30 | Germany, n = 171 | Italy, n = 43 | The Netherlands, n = 277 | Poland, n = 506 | Slovakia, n = 130 | Slovenia, n = 69 | Spain, n = 492 | Sweden, n = 92 | Wales, n = 197 | Total, n = 2530 | P-valuea | Missing, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, n (%) | 146 (45) | 69 (35) | 9 (30) | 63 (37) | 16 (37) | 122 (44) | 189 (37) | 55 (42) | 28 (41) | 198 (40) | 29 (32) | 93 (47) | 1017 (40) | 0.093b | |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 51 (17) | 54 (15) | 53 (16) | 50 (15) | 56 (13) | 53 (15) | 46 (16) | 44 (12) | 53 (15) | 51 (18) | 56 (16) | 56 (16) | 51 (16) | <0.001c | |
| Current smoking: n (%) | 99 (30) | 37 (19) | 4 (13) | 47 (27) | 13 (30) | 43 (16) | 151 (30) | 33 (25) | 15 (22) | 163 (33) | 19 (21) | 54 (27) | 678 (27) | <0.001b | 1 (0) |
| Comorbidityd, n (%) | 111 (34) | 54 (28) | 9 (30) | 55 (32) | 9 (21) | 93 (34) | 111 (22) | 22 (17) | 10 (14) | 129 (26) | 25 (27) | 79 (40) | 707 (28) | <0.001b | 4 (0) |
| Symptom severity scoree, mean (SD) | 37 (14) | 42 (16) | 41 (14) | 39 (16) | 20 (10) | 37 (14) | 35 (15) | 41 (11) | 31 (13) | 36 (16) | 41 (15) | 40 (15) | 37 (15) | <0.001c | 47 (2) |
SD = standard deviation.
a
Comparison of all countries.
b
χ2 test.
c
Mann–Whitney U test.
d
Including chronic lung disease (including COPD), cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
e
On a scale from 0 to 100, including the severity of the following symptoms: cough, phlegm production, shortness of breath, wheeze, coryza, fever, chest pain, muscle aching, headache, disturbed sleep, being generally unwell, interference in normal activities, confusion/disorientation, and diarrhoea.