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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 29.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Stud Read. 2013 Jan 8;17(5):350–368. doi: 10.1080/10888438.2012.729119

Table 1.

Descriptive and Univariate Statistics.

SS Raw Univariate Estimates
n Mean SD Mean SD a 2 c 2 e 2
TOWRE Sight
 Post-KG 973 96.99 10.54 12.85 12.63 .68*
[.54, .85]		 .22*
[.05, .36]		 .10*
[.08,.12]
 Post-1st 955 102.23 14.02 40.25 16.68 .84*
[.66, .89]		 .02
[.00, .20]		 .14*
[.11, .17]
 Post-2nd 964 103.05 14.28 54.29 14.30 .73*
[.56, .84]		 .08
[.00, .24]		 .19*
[.15, .23]
 Post-4th 926 102.39 12.16 68.95 11.11 .57*
[.36, .76]		 .15
[.00, .32]		 .29*
[.23, .36]
TOWRE Decode
 Post-KG 973 102.13 8.37 5.51 6.32 .63*
[.43, .79]		 .12
[.00, .30]		 .25*
[.21, .31]
 Post-1st 953 100.71 12.79 17.13 10.56 .82*
[.70, .85]		 .00
[.00,.11]		 .18*
[.15, .22]
 Post-2nd 962 100.22 13.43 23.85 11.44 .75*
[.56, .83]		 .04
[.00, .22]		 .21*
[.17, .26]
 Post-4th 926 102.76 13.60 35.11 11.09 .74*
[.55, .82]		 .03
[.00, .22]		 .22*
[.18, .28]
Woodcock Passage Comprehension
 Post-1st 960 104.80 12.84 24.36 8.43 .71*
[.53, .83]		 .10
[.00, .26]		 .20*
[.16, .25]
 Post-2nd 964 100.12 12.13 31.46 7.24 .59*
[.39, .77]		 .14
[.00, .31]		 .27*
[.22, .34]
 Post-4th 928 98.52 13.79 39.68 7.14 .68*
[.47, .77]		 .04
[.00, .23]		 .28*
[.23, .35]
WRAT Spelling
 Post-1st 960 100.14 15.44 12.71 5.23 .68*
[.49, .81]		 .10
[.00, .27]		 .23*
[.19, .28]
 Post-2nd 964 97.28 15.91 17.93 5.80 .81*
[.62, .85]		 .00
[.00, .18]		 .19*
[.15, .23]
 Post-4th 928 100.70 14.98 25.56 6.57 .77*
[.59, .87]		 .07
[.00, .24]		 .16*
[.13, .20]

Note: KG = Kindergarten; a2 = proportion of variance due to genetic influences; c2 = proportion of variance due to shared environmental influences; e2 = proportion of variance due to nonshared environmental influences.

*

p < .05 determined using 95% confidence intervals, shown in brackets.