Table 4.
Attitudinal, belief, knowledge, and interpersonal factors associated with smoking among youth
| Men [n (%)] 632 (100) | Women [n (%)] 399 (100) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never 149 (23.5) | Ever 72 (11.3) | Current 411 (65.0) | Never 267 (25.8) | Ever 50 (4.8) | Current 82 (7.9) | |
| attitudinal, belief and knowledge factors | ||||||
| SOCIAL BELIEF | ||||||
| It is unfriendly to refuse when others offer a cigarette | ||||||
| Agree | 19 (12.7) | 19 (26.3) | 146 (35.5) | 21 (7.8) | 11 (22.0) | 06 (7.3) |
| Do not know | 38 (25.5) | 11 (15.2) | 152 (36.9) | 01 (0.3) | 08 (16.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Disagree | 92 (61.7) | 42 (58.3) | 113 (27.4) | 245 (91.7) | 31 (62.0) | 76 (92.6) |
| Smoking is an easy way to approach other people | ||||||
| Agree | 35 (23.4) | 43 (59.7) | 210 (51.0) | 37 (13.8) | 11 (22.0) | 24 (29.2) |
| Do not know | 23 (15.4) | 01 (1.3) | 88 (21.4) | 23 (8.6) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (13.4) |
| Disagree | 91 (61.0) | 28 (38.8) | 113 (27.4) | 207 (77.5) | 39 (78) | 47 (57.3) |
| Smoking makes one appear mature | ||||||
| Agree | 37 (24.8) | 29 (40.2) | 270 (65.6) | 06 (2.2) | 11 (22.0) | 27 (32.9) |
| Do not know | 34 (22.8) | 10 (13.8) | 66 (16.0) | 09 (3.3) | 08 (16.0) | 12 (14.6) |
| Disagree | 78 (52.3) | 33 (45.8) | 75 (18.2) | 252 (94.3) | 31 (62.0) | 43 (52.4) |
| Smoking is a personal issue; others should not intervene | ||||||
| Agree | 08 (5.3) | 15 (20.8) | 185 (45.0) | 34 (12.7) | 0 (0.0) | 31 (37.8) |
| Do not know | 48 (32.2) | 34 (47.2) | 167 (40.6) | 48 (17.9) | 08 (16.0) | 23 (28.0) |
| Disagree | 93 (62.4) | 23 (31.9) | 59 (14.3) | 185 (69.2) | 42 (84.0) | 28 (34.1) |
| SUBJECTIVE NORMS | ||||||
| Not smoking will become fashionable in future | ||||||
| Agree | 60 (40.0) | 12 (16.6) | 98 (23.8) | 88 (32.9) | 31 (62.0) | 51 (62.1) |
| Do not know | 16 (10.7) | 03 (4.1) | 98 (23.8) | 109 (40.8) | 08 (16.0) | 17 (20.7) |
| Disagree | 73 (48.9) | 57 (79.1) | 215 (52.3) | 70 (26.2) | 11 (22.0) | 14 (17.0) |
| Smoking in public places is impolite | ||||||
| Agree | 126 (84.5) | 62 (86.1) | 318 (77.3) | 247 (92.5) | 39 (78.0) | 54 (65.8) |
| Do not know | 19 (12.7) | 05 (6.9) | 55 (13.3) | 15 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 05 (6.0) |
| Disagree | 04 (2.6) | 05 (6.9) | 38 (9.2) | 05 (1.8) | 11 (22.0) | 23 (28.0) |
| With the development of society the percentage of smokers in the population will decline | ||||||
| Agree | 47 (31.5) | 45 (62.5) | 172 (41.8) | 100 (37.4) | 31 (62.0) | 35 (42.6) |
| Do not know | 49 (32.8) | 03 (4.1) | 91 (22.1) | 111 (41.5) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (30.4) |
| Disagree | 53 (35.5) | 24 (33.3) | 148 (36.0) | 56 (20.9) | 19 (38) | 22 (26.8) |
| Felt that boys/girls who have smoke are attractive | ||||||
| Agree | 18 (12.0) | 38 (52.7) | 118 (28.7) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (38.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Do not know | 0 (0.0) | 06 (8.3) | 95 (23.1) | 09 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Disagree | 131 (87.9) | 28 (38.8) | 198 (48.1) | 258 (96.0) | 31 (62.0) | 82 (100) |
| Felt that boys/girls who smoke have more friends | ||||||
| Agree | 26 (17.4) | 71 (98.6) | 271 (65.9) | 17 (6.3) | 35 (70.0) | 29 (35.3) |
| Do not know | 13 (8.7) | 0 (0.0) | 31 (11.6) | 26 (9.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Disagree | 110 (73.8) | 1 (1.3) | 109 (26.5) | 224 (83.8) | 15 (30.0) | 53 (64.6) |
| Knowledge of harmful effects | ||||||
| Agree | 127 (85.2) | 60 (83.3) | 295 (71.7) | 251 (94.0) | 39 (78.0) | 60 (73.1) |
| Do not know | 10 (6.7) | 08 (11.1) | 75 (18.2) | 06 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (26.8) |
| Disagree | 12 (8.0) | 04 (5.5) | 41 (9.9) | 10 (3.7) | 11 (22.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| INTERPERSONAL FACTORS | ||||||
| Father's smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 26 (17.4) | 25 (34.7) | 182 (44.2) | 99 (37.0) | 42 (84.0) | 28 (34.1) |
| No | 123 (82.5) | 47 (65.2) | 229 (55.7) | 168 (62.9) | 08 (16.0) | 54 (65.8) |
| Mother's smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| No | 149 (100) | 72 (100) | 411 (100) | 267 (100) | 50 (100) | 82 (100) |
| Other relatives's smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 106 (71.1) | 49 (68.0) | 307 (74.6) | 118 (44.1) | 34 (68.0) | 68 (82.9) |
| No | 43 (28.8) | 23 (31.9) | 104 (25.3) | 149 (55.8) | 16 (32.0) | 14 (17.0) |
| Peers' smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 89 (59.7) | 56 (77.7) | 368 (89.5) | 126 (47.1) | 50 (100) | 59 (71.9) |
| No | 60 (40.2) | 16 (22.2) | 43 (10.4) | 141 (52.8) | 0 (0.0) | 23 (28.0) |
| Teachers' smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 56 (37.5) | 47 (65.2) | 228 (55.4) | 192 (71.9) | 42 (84.0) | 45 (54.8) |
| No | 93 (62.4) | 25 (34.7) | 183 (44.5) | 75 (28.0) | 08 (16.0) | 37 (45.1) |