Table 2.

CSF levels of GFAP, S100b, MBP and NF‐H. Abbreviations: GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein; MBP = myelin basic protein; NF‐H = neurofilament heavy chain; NMOSD = neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; MS = multiple sclerosis; ADEM = acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; OND = other neurologic disease

	NMOSD	MS	ADEM	Neuro‐Behçet's disease	Meningitis	Spinal infarction	OND
GFAP (ng/mL)	2476.6 ± 8815.0 a,b,c,d	0.8 ± 0.4	14.1 ± 27.4	0.4 ± 0.3	45.7 ± 134.1	354.7 ± 459.0	0.7 ± 0.5
S100B (pg/mL)	3444.0 ± 10938.1 a	160.3 ± 70.7	905.1 ± 1897.5	102.9 ± 40.7	1667.8 ± 4313.1	940.4 ± 944.6	134.7 ± 61.2
MBP (pg/mL)	705.8 ± 1132.2 d	106.2 ± 171.9	614.0 ± 961.6	16.6 ± 30.1	168.2 ± 366.7 e	324.5 ± 443.5	10.3 ± 8.2
NF‐H (ng/mL)	0.2 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 1.1	3.7 ± 6.2 f	0.8 ± 0.8	2.2 ± 3.4 e	0.2 ± 0.3	0 ± 0

The values are mean ± SD. P‐values in multiple comparison: *P < 0.01.

^a P: NMOSD vs. MS; ^b P: NMOSD vs. Neuro‐Behçet's disease; ^c P: NMO vs. meningitis; ^d P: NMO vs. OND; ^e P: meningitis vs. OND; ^f P: ADEM vs. OND (modified from Neurology 75: 208–216. Takano R, Misu T, Takahashi T, Sato S, Fujihara K, Itoyama Y. Astrocytic damage is far more severe than demyelination in NMO: a clinical CSF biomarker study. Copyright (2010), with permission from Wolters Kluwer Health).