. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013 Oct 6;156(0):210–220. doi: 10.1007/s12011-013-9820-7

Table 1.

Bone Mineral Density in femora and vertebrae.

Diet group	Femoral BMD (mg/cc)
Diet group	5-months	12-months	18 months
	Trabecular
Baseline	174 ± 18
Control	156 ± 12*	131 ± 21*	120 ± 38*
Control + minerals	234 ± 15^c	158 ± 35	142 ± 40
HFWD	164 ± 54	146 ± 11*	79 ± 29*
HFWD + minerals	201 ± 11^{a, b}	171 ± 18^{a, b}	143 ± 30^a
	Cortical
Baseline	151 ± 6
Control	347 ± 16	309 ± 36	303 ± 27
Control + minerals	378 ± 25^c	302 ± 31	299 ± 28
HFWD	314 ± 36	287 ± 30	260 ± 34
HFWD + minerals	339 ± 16	322 ± 21	322 ± 47^a

	Vertebral BMD (mg/cc)
	12-months	18 months
	Trabecular
Control	619 ± 63	Not done
Control + minerals	737 ± 83^c	Not done
HFWD	482 ± 34	452 ± 46
HFWD + minerals	687 ± 107^a	659 ± 108^a
	Cortical
Control	961 ± 30	Not done
Control + minerals	942 ± 14	Not done
HFWD	731 ± 25	763 ± 146
HFWD + minerals	941 ± 33^a	928 ± 43

Femoral data are based on 5 mice at baseline (3 weeks of age), 10 mice at 5 and 12 months and 15 mice at 18 months in each diet group. Vertebral data are based on 6 mice at 12 months in each diet group and 6 mice in each of the two high-fat diets at 18 months. Values are means and standard deviations. Statistical significance was determined by ANOVA followed by paired group comparisons. “*” are placed to show the statistically significant drop in the BMD relative to baseline. “a” and “b” are placed on the HFWD+minerals group: “a” shows statistically significant increase relative to the HFWD group, “b” shows statistically significant increase relative to control; “c” is placed on the control+minerals group, and shows significant increase relative to the control (p <0.05). Data from baseline and 5 months in all groups and in control diets at 18 months for the vertebrae are not available.