. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013 Oct 6;156(0):210–220. doi: 10.1007/s12011-013-9820-7

Table 2.

Serum TRAP and P1NP levels.

Diet group	TRAP (U/ml)
Diet group	5-months	12-months	18 months
Control	1.1 ± 0.1	17.5 ± 2.6	10.3 ± 0.7
Control + minerals	1.4 ± 0.2	18.0 ± 2.0	19.6 ± 2.3^c
HFWD	1.5 ± 0.2	16.4 ± 2.1	15.1 ± 1.5
HFWD + minerals	1.5 ± 0.2	26.3 ± 3.8	24.4 ± 2.1^{a, b}

	P1NP (ng/ml)
	12-months	18 months
Control	24.5 ± 0.9	21.3 ± 1.8
Control + minerals	22.2 ± 2.6	21.4 ± 2.0
HFWD	26.4 ± 2.3	32.7 ± 5.9
HFWD + minerals	19.6 ± 1.5	19.0 ± 2.6

Baseline TRAP = 1.2 ± 0.5 U/ml. Values are means and standard deviations. Statistical significance was determined by ANOVA followed by paired group comparisons. “a” and “b” are placed on the HFWD + minerals group: “a” shows statistically significant increase relative to the HFWD group, “b” shows statistically significant increase relative to control; “c” is placed on the control + minerals group, and shows significant increase relative to the control (p <0.05). P1NP data at baseline and at 5 month are not available.