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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 29.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Commun. 2013;4:2250. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3250

Figure 1. PI3P levels are decreased in human and mouse brain affected by AD.

Figure 1

a) Bar diagram showing relative phosphoinositide levels in prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and cerebellum from post-mortem brains of either non-Alzheimer disease human subjects (ctrl) or late-onset Alzheimer disease human subjects (LOAD). Measurements were made by anionic exchange HPLC with suppressed conductivity detection and expressed in arbitrary units, relative to control levels. Values are shown as means ± SEM (prefrontal cortex, ctrl n=10 and LOAD n=10; entorhinal cortex and cerebellum, ctrl n=12 and LOAD n=15). The PI(4,5)P2 deficiency in the PFC was significant (P < 0.05) with a one-tailed Student's t-test and is indicated by (*) (see Methods). Otherwise single asteriks denote P values < 0.05 from a One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test.

b) Bar diagram showing relative phosphoinositide levels in the forebrain of FAD mouse models. These include the PSEN1M146V (PS), the Swedish mutant of APPK670N,M671L (APP) and the PS-APP double transgenic lines. Measurements were made by anionic exchange HPLC with suppressed conductivity detection and expressed in arbitrary units, relative to control levels. Values are shown as means ± SEM (n=6). *, **, and *** denote P values < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 from a One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test.

c) Heat map showing all lipid classes measured and organized according to phospholipids, sphingolipids and neutral lipids classification. The PS, APP, PS-APP columns represent the normalized values of the individual lipid species of mutant mice compared to wild type mice while the PFC, ERC and CRB columns represent the normalized values of the individual lipid species of LOAD patients compared to control patients for each tissue type. The color bars represents the log2 value of the ratio of each lipid species and only statistically significant changes are shown (P < 0.05). Prefrontal cortex, ctrl n=10 and LOAD n=10; entorhinal cortex and cerebellum, ctrl n=12 and LOAD n=15. The arrowhead indicates the PI3P change.