Table 3.
The relationship between individual- and neighborhood-level variables and physical activity
| |
Bivariate model |
Multivariate model |
|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
|
Child physical activity† |
|
|
|
Socio-demographic |
|
|
| Child age (months) |
0.02 (0.02, 0.03)* |
0.02 (0.02, 0.03)* |
| Child sex |
-0.10 (-0.35, 0.15) |
- |
| Child care status |
-0.71 (-1.05, -0.38)* |
-0.34 (-0.68, -0.00)* |
| Family structure |
-0.16 (-0.48, 0.16) |
- |
| Parental education |
0.19 (0.07, 0.31)* |
0.14 (0.02, 0.26)* |
| Neighborhood SES (z-score) |
0.21 (-0.07, 0.35)* |
0.09 (-0.06, 0.23) |
|
Functional |
|
|
| Walkability (z-score) |
-0.09 (-0.27, 0.09) |
- |
|
Safety |
|
|
| Road speed (%) |
-0.34 (-0.90, 0.21) |
- |
|
Aesthetic |
|
|
| Streetscape (z-score) |
0.05 (-0.10, 0.21) |
- |
|
Destination |
|
|
| Outdoor play/activity space (z-score) |
-0.08 (-0.25, 0.09) |
- |
| Recreation facilities (N per km2) |
-0.01 (-0.07, 0.06) |
- |
| Distance to closest park (km) |
0.01 (-0.01, 0.02) |
- |
| Yard space at home (100 m2) |
-0.01 (-0.01, 0.00) |
- |
|
Parent physical activity† |
|
|
|
Socio-demographic |
|
|
| Child age (months) |
0.03 (0.02, 0.03)* |
0.00 (-0.01, 0.02) |
| Child sex |
-0.34 (-0.82, 0.16) |
- |
| Parent sex |
-1.35 (0.49, 2.25)* |
-1.35 (0.49, 2.21)* |
| Child care status |
0.33 (-0.43, 0.88) |
- |
| Family structure |
0.14 (-0.48, 0.76) |
- |
| Parental education |
-0.17 (-0.40, 0.06) |
- |
| Neighborhood SES (z-score) |
-0.11 (-0.34, 0.13) |
- |
|
Functional |
|
|
| Walkability (z-score) |
0.18 (-0.09, 0.45) |
- |
|
Safety |
|
|
| Road speed (%) |
0.05 (-0.78, 0.88) |
- |
|
Aesthetic |
|
|
| Streetscape (z-score) |
-0.13 (-0.34, 0.09) |
- |
|
Destination |
|
|
| Outdoor play/activity space (z-score) |
0.03 (-0.22, 0.27) |
- |
| Recreation facilities (N per km2) |
0.06 (-0.05, 0.17) |
- |
| Distance to closest park (km) |
-0.01 (-0.04, 0.03) |
- |
| Yard space at home (100 m2) | -0.00 (-0.02, 0.01) | - |
β (95% CI) = unstandardized regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals; †Square-root transformed.
Child sex: 0 = male, 1 = female; parent sex: 0 = male, 1 = female; child care status: 0 = yes, 1 = no; family structure: 0 = two-parent family, 1 = one-parent family, ST = screen time; PA = physical activity; SES = socioeconomic status. Each variable in the multivariate models are adjusted for all other variables listed in that model; * P < 0.05.