Table 1. Distribution of Early Life Factors and Perceived Discrimination by the Number of Chronic Physical Health Conditions, New York Women’s Birth Cohort Adult Follow-Up, 2001-2006.
| Reports of chronic physical conditions |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | No Condition |
Single Condition |
Multiple |
|||||
| N=67 | N=45 | Conditions N=56 | ||||||
| No. (%) | Mean (SD) |
No. (%) | Mean (SD) |
No. (%) | Mean (SD) |
P Value | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | Hispanic African American White |
20 (32) 18 (32) 29 (58) |
23 (37) 14 (25) 8 (16) |
19 (31) 24 (43) 13 (26) |
0.01 | |||
| Age (years) | Continuous | 41.13 (1.55) |
41.24 (1.35) |
41.38 (1.51) |
0.63 | |||
| Early Life Factors | ||||||||
| Birth weight (kg) tertile |
1(<2.92) 2(2.92-<3.29) 3(≥3.29) |
21 (39) 21 (39) 25 (42) |
13 (24) 15 (28) 17 (28) |
20 (37) 18 (33) 18 (30) |
0.93 | |||
| SES at birth tertile |
Low tertile Medium tertile High tertile |
25 (38) 20 (38) 22 (45) |
18 (27) 15 (29) 11 (22) |
23 (35) 17 (33) 16 (33) |
0.37 | |||
| Maternal education |
High school or higher degree Less than high school degree |
39 (42) 28 (38) |
21 (23) 23 (31) |
32 (35) 23 (31) |
0.49 | |||
| Age at menarche (years) |
Continuous | 12.6 (1.6) |
12.7 (1.6) |
12.5 (2.0) |
0.85 | |||
| Childhood family structure |
Single parent Two parent |
14 (38) 53 (40) |
9 (24) 36 (27) |
14 (38) 42 (32) |
0.80 | |||
| Adult Factors | ||||||||
| Marital statusa | Never Married Marriedor living as married Other |
12 (35) 41 (40) 14 (44) |
7 (21) 33 (32) 5 (16) |
15 (44) 28 (27) 13 (41) |
0.18 | |||
| Adult household income |
< 50K 50K-<90K ≥ 90K |
16 (31) 31 (53) 20 (34) |
10 (20) 13 (22) 22 (37) |
25 (49) 14 (24) 17 (29) |
0.01 | |||
| Adult education | College or higher degree Less than college degree |
31 (40) 36 (40) |
25 (32) 20 (22) |
21 (27) 35 (38) |
0.19 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | <25 25-29.9 ≥30 |
35 (49) 16 (33) 16 (36) |
23 (32) 13 (26) 9 (20) |
14 (19) 20 (41) 20 (44) |
0.03 | |||
| Current smoking status |
Nonsmokers Former Smoker Current smoker |
27 (35) 20 (42) 20 (45) |
27 (35) 10 (21) 8 (18) |
23 (30) 17 (36) 16 (36) |
0.28 | |||
| Have you ever experienced discrimination due to race? |
0 1-2 3+ |
43 (51) 14 (31) 10 (26) |
18 (21) 12 (27) 15 (38) |
23 (27) 19 (42) 14 (36) |
0.03 | |||
| Have you ever experienced discrimination due to gender? |
0 1-2 3+ |
44 (43) 18 (42) 5 (22) |
28 (27) 8(19) 9(39) |
30 (29) 17 (39) 9 (39) |
0.21 | |||
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation; SES, socioeconomic status
a
Other category includes women who are not living with spouse/partner, separated, or widowed.