Figure 3. Sodium ferulate upregulates contractile markers expression in response to 10% serum.

Cultured VSMCs were pre-treated with serum starvation for 72 hours and then challenged by 10% serum for another 48 hours to induce synthetic VSMCs, with or without 200 µmol/L sodium ferulate. (A) Representative Immunoblots. (B) Relative expression of SM α-actin protein. (C) Relative expression of SM-MHC protein. N = 3 for each group, ^* P<0.05 vs. the non-serum group, ^{* *} P<0.05 vs. the serum group.