Table 2.
Neuropsychological testing scores.
|
p values(ANCOVAs) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC (N=26) |
FXTAS− (N=25) |
FXTAS+ (N=33) |
Overall | NC vs FXTAS− |
NC vs FXTAS+ |
FXTAS− vs FXTAS+ |
|
| Global Cognitive Abilities | |||||||
| WAIS-III Full-Scale IQ | 120.4(12) | 104.2(12) | 107.3(14) | .001*** | .001*** | .005** | 1.0 |
| WAIS-III Performance IQ | 120.4(14) | 103.1(12) | 104.7(16) | .001*** | .001*** | .002** | 1.0 |
| WAIS-III Verbal IQ | 117.1(11) | 104.6(13) | 108(13) | .009** | .008** | .063 | 1.0 |
| MMSE | 28.8 (1) | 28.1(1.3) | 28.3 (1.2) | .09 | -- | -- | -- |
| Executive Functioning | |||||||
| BDS Total | 23.3(2.1) | 19.3(3) | 16.3(4.1) | <.0001*** | .017* | <.0001*** | .06 |
| Stroop | 51.6(9.2) | 48.5(6.9) | 44.3(10) | .21 | -- | -- | -- |
| COWAT | 49.6 (15) | 44.1(11) | 39.1(13) | .77 | -- | -- | -- |
| SDMT | 57.1(9.1) | 56.1(8) | 47.3(10) | .02* | .58 | .52 | .02* |
| WAIS-III Subscales | |||||||
| Information Processing Speed | 117.9(13) | 103.6(12) | 102.9(18) | .04* | .06 | .08 | 1.0 |
| Working Memory | 110.9(13) | 98.4(12) | 104.7(13) | .035* | .06 | 1.0 | .11 |
| Perceptual Organization | 118.7(16) | 103.8(13) | 105.8(16) | .03* | .03* | .13 | 1.0 |
| Verbal Comprehension | 118.2(9) | 107.8(15) | 108(13) | .10 | -- | -- | -- |
| CVLT LD Free Recall | 11.4(2.7) | 10.6(3.5) | 9.6(3.3) | .92 | -- | -- | -- |
| CVLT LD Cued Recall | 11.7(2.3) | 11.7(3.2) | 10.8(2.5) | .75 | -- | -- | -- |
| CVLT SD Free Recall | 11.3 (2.7) | 10.3(3) | 9.3(3) | .96 | -- | -- | -- |
| CVLT SD Cued Recall | 12(2.4) | 11.4(2.6) | 10.9(2.7) | .99 | -- | -- | -- |
Means (SDs) reported above are raw scores, except for the WAIS-III scores which are age-adjusted. ANCOVA Covariates: none for IQ and MMSE, education for WAIS-III subscales, age and IQ for other tests.
Abbreviations: NC = Normal Controls, FXTAS− = female premutation carriers without FXTAS, FXTAS+ = female premutation carriers with FXTAS, WAIS-III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination, BDS = Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale, COWAT = Controlled Oral Word Association Test, SDMT = Symbol Digit Modalities Test, CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test, LD = long-delay, SD = short-delay.
*
p≤ 0.05,
**
p≤ 0.01,
***
p≤ 0.001.
Italic p values: borderline significance.