Figure 5. Pre-treatment of A375 melanoma cells with pyruvate in vitro reduces tumor growth in vivo.(A)The inhibitory effect of pyruvate pre-treatment on melanoma growth in vivo. A375 melanoma spheres were treated and injected in athymic mice as reported in “Materials and Methods”, and tumor development followed up to 32 d from injection. Scale bar = 10 mm.(B)Quantification of tumor volume. Values represent the averages of tumors developed at various times and expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 12, each). (C) Histological sections of tumors derived from PBS- (upper pictures) and pyruvate-treated melanoma stem cells (lower pictures) counterstained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Scale bar right pictures = 100 μm, left pictures = 500 μm.