Table 10.
Trials using azithromycin alone and in combination with other drugs reporting protection curable STIs/RTIs among pregnant women.
| Study (year) | Country | Year(s) | Regimen |
Number of cases post-treatment (%)
|
Additional details | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treponema pallidum † | Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Chlamydia trachomatis | Trichomonas vaginalis | Bacterial vaginosis | ||||||
| Luntamo et al. (2010) | Malawi | 2003–2006 |
Intervention
1 g AZ two-times + SP monthly |
NR | 0.5% (2/391) |
0.3% (1/391) |
11.0% (46/419) |
NR | Significant protection against T. vaginalis p = 0.05 | [94] |
|
Intervention
SP monthly |
NR | 2.1% (8/384) |
0.3% (1/384) |
15.1% (62/411) |
NR | |||||
|
Control
SP two-times |
NR | 0.7% (3/391) |
0.3% (1/391) |
16.7% (69/411) |
NR | |||||
| van den Broek et al. (2009) | Malawi | 2004–2005 |
Intervention
1 g AZ two-times + SP two-times |
NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | No difference in preterm birth (16.8% versus 17.4%); potential explanatory factors include use of sub-optimal syphilis treatment [196,197] | [194] |
|
Control
SP two-times |
NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| Gray et al. (2001) | Uganda | 1994–1998 |
Intervention
1 g AZ + 250 mg CIPX + 2 g MTZ |
3.4% (57/1,677) | 0.9% (14/1,503) |
1.1% (16/1,503) |
4.7% (4/1,779) |
36.3% (645/1,779) |
Neonatal death RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71–0.97; Low birth weight RR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.53–0.86; Preterm delivery RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.56 to 1.05. Vertical transmission of HIV was no different between intervention and control groups | [104] |
|
Control
Iron-folate + 100 mg MBZ two-times |
3.3% (46/1,376) | 1.7% (24/1,394) |
2.7% (38/1,394) |
15.9% (248/1,569) |
48.5% (764/1,576) |
|||||
| Wawer et al. (1999) | Uganda | 1994–1998 |
Intervention
1 g AZ + 250 mg CIPX + 2 g MTZ |
6.0% (80/1,323) | 1.0% (8/770) |
1.2% (9/770) |
5.3% (72/1,350) |
39.1% (533/1,364) |
Vertical transmission of HIV was no different between intervention and control groups | [95] |
|
Control
Iron-folate + 100 mg MBZ two-times |
7.1% (75/1,056) | 2.1% (15/714) |
3.5% (25/714) |
17.4% (198/1,137) |
52.8% (609/1,154) |
|||||
Low-risk populations
†
2.4 mu benzathine Penicillin G was administered to pregnant women in all treatment groups per national guidelines (exception being [194]).
AZ: Azithromycin; CIPX: Ciprofloxacin; NR: Not reported; RR: Risk ratio; SP: Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.