Table 11.
Trials using azithromycin alone and in combination with other antimicrobial therapies not contraindicated in pregnancy and reporting protection curable STIs/RTIs among commercial sex workers.
| Study (year) | Country | Year(s) | Regimen |
Proportion of cases cured (cases pre-treatment/cases post-treatment)
|
Additional details | Ref. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treponema pallidum † | Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Chlamydia trachomatis | Trichomonas vaginalis | Bacterial vaginosis | |||||||
| Kaul et al. (2004) | Kenya | 1998–2002 |
Intervention
1 g AZ monthly (multi-yr pd) |
3.9% | 2.6% | 1.1% | 11.3% | 53.0% | Incidence reported per 100 women-years | [93] | |
|
Control
Placebo |
3.8% | 5.7% | 6.5% | 20.4% | 57.4% | ||||||
| Labbe et al. (2012) | Benin Ghana | 2001 |
Intervention
1 g AZ or 500 g CIPX monthly for 9 months alternating AZ & CIPX |
NR | 5.6% (7/126) |
1.6% (2/126) |
NR | NR | Significant protection against N. gonorrhoeae p = 0.05 | [197] | |
|
Control
Placebo |
NR | 12.5% (14/112) |
2.7% (3/112) |
NR | NR | ||||||
| Cowan et al. (2005) | Zimbabwe | NR |
Intervention
1 g AZ+2 g MTZ+500 mg CIPX |
Base: 5.0% (2.8–8.7%); V2, V3, V4: NR in any form |
Base: 1.9% (0.5–3.4%) V2, V3, V4: visible inaccuracies in graphs; cannot estimate |
Base: 1.7% (0.3–3.0%) V2, V3, V4: visible inaccuracies in graphs; cannot estimate |
Base: 19.3% (15.2–23.4%) V2: 4.3% (7.7–2.2%) V3: 12.6% (17.7–8.8%) V4: 11.5% (15.7–7.8%) |
[96] | |||
|
Intervention
1 g AZ+2 g MTZ |
|||||||||||
| Wi et al. (2006) | Philippines | 2001 |
Intervention
1 g AZ one time |
Prior to intervention 1 month post-intervention |
NR | 18.3% (207/1,130) 11.9% (82/687) |
28.6% (323/1,130) 15.1% (104/687) |
NR | NR | [198] | |
| Williams et al. (2003) | South Africa | 1998–2000 |
Intervention
1 g AZ nine-times in 9 months |
Prior to intervention 9-month post-intervention |
9.8% (68/691) 18.7% (166/893) |
6.9% (48/691) 8.6% (77/893) |
7.9% (55/691) 13.8% (123/893) |
NR | NR | HIV prevalence among CSW in the mining community was 68.6% | [199] |
| Steen et al. (2000) | South Africa | 1996–1997 |
Intervention
1 g AZ every month for 9 months |
Prior to intervention 9-month post-intervention |
NR | 17.3% (70/407) 4.7% (5/108) |
14.3% (58/407) 0.9% (1/108) |
NR | NR | Pre-intervention NG and/or CT = 24.9% (101/407); Post-intervention NG and/or CT = 5.7% (6/108) | [200] |
Italicized values are approximate based on enlarged graphs published in Cowan et al. and percentages in parentheses reflect the 95% confidence intervals [96].
†
2.4 mµ benzathine Penicillin G was administered to commercial sex workers who tested positive for syphilis in all treatment groups per national guidelines.
AZ: Azithromycin; NR: Not reported; CIPX: Ciprofloxacin; CT: C. trachomatis; CSW: Commercial sex worker; MTZ: Metronidazole; NG: Neisseria gonorrhoeae.