Table 9.
Sensitivity testing of Chlamydia trachomatis isolates to azithromycin.
| Study (year) | Country | Year(s) |
Azithromycin
|
Other macrolides
|
Additional details | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIC (μg/ml) | MBC/MCC (μg/ml) | MIC (μg/ml) | MBC (μg/ml) | |||||
| No resistance observed | ||||||||
| Ljubin-Sternak et al. (2012) | Croatia | 2010 | 0.064 to 0.125 | 0.064–2.0 | Doxycycline: 0.016–0.064 | 0.032–1.0 | 24 urogenital strains assessed | [187] |
| Donati et al. (2010) | Italy | 2005–2006 | 0.25–0.5 | 0.5–1.0 | Doxycycline: 0.03–0.06 Erythromycin: 0.5–1.0 |
0.06–0.125 1.0–2.0 |
All serovars had comparable susceptibilities. Azithromycin and doxycycline bactericidal with MBC at one to two-times the MIC. (50 strains) | [188] |
| Hong et al. (2009) | Ethiopia | 2006 | 0.25–0.5 | 0.25–1.0 | Doxycycline: 0.015–0.03 | 0.03–0.06 | Azithromycin unchanged between pre- and post-mass biannual treatment of trachoma (10 strains) | [189] |
| Samra et al. (2001) | Israel | 1997–1999 | 0.06–0.125 | 0.06–0.25 | Doxycycline: 0.125–0.25 Tetracyclines: 0.25–0.5 | 0.125–4.0 0.25–4.0 | Smallest MBC and MIC difference in azithromycin versus doxycycline (4 dilutions differences; 50 isolates) | [84] |
| Lefèvre et al. (1993) |
France | NR | 0.06–0.125 | 0.25–0.5 | Clarithromycin: 0.008 Erythromycin : 0.06–0.125 Tetracyclines: 0.125–0.25 |
0.03–0.125 0.25–2.0 1.0–4.0 |
15 clinical isolates tested | [190] |
| Agacfidan et al. (1993) | United States | 1993 | ≤0.06–1 | 0.12–2.0 | Doxycycline: 0.015–0.06 Tetracyclines: 0.03–0.12 | 0.015–0.06 0.06–0.12 | Azithromycin highly active against CT in isolates from urethral and cervical samples (azithromycin 10 strains, doxycycline 22 strains, tetracycline 22 strains) | [191] |
| Scieux et al. (1990) | UK | 1990 | 0.064–0.25 | 2.0–8.0 | Doxycycline: 0.016–0.064 Erythromycin: 0.064–0.128 |
0.5–8.0 0–64.0 |
10 strains used from the USA | [192] |
| Resistance observed | ||||||||
| Bhengraj et al. (2010) | India | 2006–2007 | 0.12–8 | ≤8.0 | Doxycycline: 0.025–8.0 | ≤8.0 | Decreased antimicrobial susceptibility in recurrently infected female patients (21 isolates) | [92] |
| Misyurina et al. (2004) | Russia | 2000–2002 | >5.12 | >5.12 | Erythromycin: >5.12 | >5.12 | Isolates from salpingitis, endocervicitis, and urethritis showed resistance (6 isolates) | [90] |
| Somani et al. (2000) | USA | 1995–1998 | 0.5 to >4.0 | >4.0 | Doxycycline: 0.125–>4.0 | >4.0 | Resistance of strains causing relapsing or persistent infection in 3 patients (3 isolates) | [193] |
| Rice et al. (1995) | USA | 1995 | 0.125–2.0 | 0.5 to >4.0 | Doxycycline: 0.008–0.06 | 0.015–4.0 | Isolates susceptible to azithromycin and doxycycline in asymptotic infection | [91] |
Unspecified low-risk populations.
CT: Chlamydia trachomatis; MBC: Minimum bactericidal concentration; MCC: Minimum chlamydicidal concentrations; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentrations; NR: Not reported; PID: Pelvic inflammatory disease.