Table 3.
Long-term outcomes to evaluate ambulatory status, neurological deficits, need for revision surgery, pain, and tumor recurrence
| Author | Year | SPF | PSF | PPRF | ASF | Follow up (months) | Ambulation | Bowel/bladder deficit | Revision instrumentation | Pain at final follow up | Tumor recurrence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humphries et al. [16] | 2010 | N | Y | Y | N | 12 | Yes (R-AFO) | NR | None | None | None |
| Gallia et al. [17] | 2010 | N | Y | Y | Y | 5 | No | Yes | None | Metastasis | Metastasis |
| Varga et al. [10] | 2010 | N | Y | Y | N | NR | Yes (cane) | NR | Nonea | Nonea | Nonea |
| Newman et al. [11] | 2009 | N | Y | Y | N | 6 | Yes (Walker) | Partial | Nonea | NR | NR |
| McLoughlin et al. [12] | 2008 | N | Y | Y | N | 24 | Yes | Yes | None | None | NR |
| Shen et al. [18] | 2006 | N | Y | N | Y | 9 | No | Yes | None | NR | NR |
| Gallia et al. [21] | 2005 | N | Y | Y | N | 12 | Yes | Yes | None | Due to metastasis | Local + Metastasis |
| Fourney et al. [2] | 2005 | O | Y | Y | N | 83 | Yes | Yes | NR | NR | Local |
| 58 | NR | NR | NR | Local + Metastasis | |||||||
| 33 | Yes | NR | NR | Local | |||||||
| Dickey et al. [20] | 2005 | N | Y | Y | Y | 8 | Yes | Yes | None | Improved | None |
| 7 | Yes | None | None | ||||||||
| 38 | Yes | Revision instrumentation (6 and 29 months) | None | ||||||||
| 42 | No | None | Local | ||||||||
| 36 | Yes | None | None | ||||||||
| 14 | No | None | Local | ||||||||
| Min et al. [29] | 2005 | N | Y | Y | N | 60 | Yes (crutches) | Yes | Lumbar rod breakage at 4 months (rods replaced) | Improveda | None |
| Zileli et al. [24] | 2003 | N | Y | Y | N | Mean 28 (range 18–42) | Yes (crutches) | NR | None | Local + Metastasis | |
| Yes (crutches) | NR | Revision instrumentation at 7 years | None | ||||||||
| Yes (crutches) | NR | None | None | None | |||||||
| Ohata et al. [13] | 2004 | N | Y | Y | N | 60 | Yes (crutches) | Yes | None | NR | None |
| Doita et al. [8] | 2003 | N | Y | Y | N | 36 | Yes (cane) | Partial | None | Improved | NR |
| 36 | Yes (crutches) | Yes | None | NR | Local | ||||||
| 36 | Yes (crutches) | Partial | None | NR | NR | ||||||
| Mooney et al. [14] | 1999 | O | Y | Y | Y | 8 | Yes (walker + R-AFO) | Yes | NR | NR | Metastasis |
| Sar et al. [25] | 2002 | O | Y | Y | N | 49 | NR | Yes | None | NR | None |
| 33 | NR | Yes | None | NR | Local | ||||||
| 47 | NR | Yes | None | NR | None | ||||||
| Wuisman et al. [19] | 2001 | N | Y | Y | N | 36 | Yes (cane + AFO) | Yes | None | None | None |
| Jackson et al. [22] | 2000 | O | Y | Y | N | 50 | Yes (walker) | NR | NR | Improved | NR |
| 47 | Yes | ||||||||||
| 31 | Yes (walker) | ||||||||||
| 11 | Yes | ||||||||||
| 8 | Yes (cane) | ||||||||||
| Spiegel et al. [15] | 1999 | O | Y | Y | N | 74 | Yes (AFO) | Yes | Ilial rod and pelvic plate breakage (no operation–patient asymptomatic) | Occasional | None |
| Gokaslan et al. [26] | 1997 | O | Y | Y | N | 12 | Yes (cane) | Yes | NR | NR | NR |
| Yes | Yes | NR | NR | NR | |||||||
| Santi et al. [30] | 1993 | O | Y | Y | N | 33 | Yes (AFO) | NR | Hardware removed due to discomfort (7 months) | None | None |
| Shikata et al. [23] | 1992 | O | Y | Y | N | 72 | Yes (cane) | Partial | None | NR | NR |
| Tomita et al. [27] | 1990 | O | Y | Y | N | 69 | Yes | Yes | None | NR | None |
| Y | Y | N | 10 | Yes (AFO) | Partial | NR | NR | None | |||
| Shikata et al. [28] | 1988 | O | Y | Y | N | 24 | Yes (brace) | Partial | None | NR | NR |
| Y | Y | N | 14 | Yes (cane) | Partial | None | NR | NR |
NR not reported, AFO ankle foot orthosis
a Based on email correspondence