Table 1. Iron chelation in EAE models.
MBP, myelin basic protein; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; PLP, proteolipid protein.
| Species | Strain | Encephalitogen | Drug | Dosage | Timing of chelator administration | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rat (female) | Lewis/JC | Guinea pig spinal cord homogenate | Deferoxamine | 70 mg/day implanted s.c. pump | Prior to onset of clinical signs | Reduced clinical and pathological signs | Bowern et al., 1984 |
| Rat (female) | Lewis/JC | Guinea pig spinal cord homogenate | Deferoxamine | 70 mg/day implanted s.c. pump | Overlapping with clinical signs | Blocked development of clinical signs during treatment | Bowern et al., 1984 |
| Rat (female) | Lewis/JC | Guinea pig spinal cord homogenate | Deferoxamine | 70 mg/day implanted s.c. pump | Started after the onset of clinical signs | Hastened recovery and reduced pathological signs | Bowern et al., 1984 |
| Rat (female) | Lewis (RT-11) | MBP from guinea pig | Deferoxamine | 70 mg/day implanted s.c. pump | Prior to onset of clinical signs | No effect (similar to vehicle-treated animals) | Willenborg et al., 1988 |
| Rat (female) | Lewis (RT-11) | Passive transfer of cells from MBP immunized or spinal cord homogenate injected rats | Deferoxamine | 70 mg/day implanted s.c. pump | Started prior to onset of clinical signs, unclear if treatment overlapped with presentation of clinical signs | No effect (similar to vehicle-treated animals) | Willenborg et al., 1988 |
| Mice (male) | SJL/J | MBP | Deferoxamine | 40–~160 mg/kg; three times a day | During active disease | Lessened clinical signs and reduced some pathology | Pedchenko and LeVine, 1998 |
| Guinea pig | Strain 13 | Guinea pig spinal cord homogenate | HES-conjugated deferoxamine | 100 mg/kg per day | Starting at the time of encephalitogen injection | Lessened BBB leakage and possible small effect on pathology | Guy et al., 1994 |
| Mice (male) | SJL/J | MBP | HES-conjugated deferoxamine | 0.7–2.8 g/kg once per day | During active disease | No clear effect | Pedchenko and LeVine, 1998 |
| Mice (female) | SJL/J | PLP139–151 | Deferiprone | 150 mg/kg (~3 mg/mouse); twice daily via gavage | During active disease | Suppressed clinical signs and reduced some pathology | Mitchell et al., 2007 |
| Rat (female) | Lewis | MBP | Dexrazoxane | 5 mg/kg; 3 i.v. injections | Prior to and at onset of clinical signs | Sample size too small; possible lessening of clinical signs | Weilbach et al., 2004 |
| Rat (female) | Lewis | Adoptive transfer | Dexrazoxane | 25 mg/kg; 3 i.v. injections | Overlapping with active disease | Lessened clinical signs and pathology | Weilbach et al., 2004 |
| Mice (female) | SJL/J | PLP139–151 | Apoferritin | 750 μg, twice daily | During active disease | Suppressed clinical signs | LeVine et al., 2002 |
| Mice (female) | C57BL/6 | MOG35–55 | Clioquinol [copper and zinc chelator, but it can affect brain iron content and it may also chelate iron (Lei et al., 2012); see Iron chelation in EAE section] | 30 mg/kg per day via gavage | From injection of encephalitogen to end of study | Suppressed clinical signs and pathology | Choi et al., 2013 |