Table 3. Chelation studies in MS patients.

Study	Number of study subjects	Dosing	Unable to complete the study	Measure	Improved	Slight improvement	No change	Worsened	Adverse events
Norstrand and Craelius, 1989	12 MS	9 patients on deferoxamine 20 mg/kg per day; 3 patients on ~30 mg/kg per day; 5 days/week for 3 months	0/12	EDSS	2/12	3/12	6/12	1/12	3/12 urinary tract infection
				FSS	4/12	3/12	4/12	1/121
Lynch et al., 1996	9 PPMS; 10 SPMS	1-week course of deferoxamine 2 g/day followed by a second week of 1 g/day	1/19	EDSS	9/18 (3 months); 9/18 (6 months); 5/18 (12 months)		7/18 (3 months); 6/18 (6 months); 7/18 (12 months)	2/18 (3 months); 3/18 (6 months); 6/18 (12 months)	1/19 nausea, widespread local reaction, mild hearing loss, blurred vision2; 2/19 fever, nausea, muscle aches3; 2/19 mild fatigue and anorexia; 1/19 urinary tract infection; 1/19 worsened visual evoked response; 19/19 localized redness at infusion site
				FSS	13/18 (3 months); 10/18 (6 months); 7/18 (12 months)		5/18 (3 months); 8/18 (6 months); 7/18 (12 months)	0/18 (3 months); 1/18 (6 months); 4/18 (12 months)
Lynch et al., 2000	5 PPMS; 4 SPMS	1-week course of deferoxamine; 2 g/day followed by a second week of 1 g/day; repeated at 3-month intervals	8 courses of treatment (6/9 patients)4; 7 courses of treatment (1/9 patients); 5 courses of treatment (2/9 patients)	EDSS	1/9 (0.5 points)		3/9	5/9 (0.5 points)	1/9 abdominal pain5; 1/9 nausea and lethargy4; 9/9 localized redness at infusion site
				Other	1/9 weakness and numbness of hands resolved; 1/9 weakness of left leg resolved; 1/9 improvement of ataxia lasting ~2 months after course of treatment

¹Not the same patient for EDSS and FSS.

²Treatment was discontinued and all symptoms resolved shortly thereafter.

³Occurred during the winter and thought to be due to a virus.

⁴Due to lethargy and nausea, one patient had 5 days of 2 g/day followed by 5 days of 1 g/day.

⁵Not thought to be treatment related as it occurred many weeks after the sixth treatment.