Table 3.
Common metabolic transformations and corresponding formulae
| Alanine | C3H5NO | Guanosine 5-diphosphate (–H2O) | C10H13N5O10P2 |
| Arginine | C6H12N4O | Guanosine 5-monophosphate (–H2O) | C10H12N5O7P |
| Asparagine | C4H6N2O2 | Guanine (–H) | C5H4N5O |
| Aspartic acid | C4H5NO3 | Guanosine (–H2O) | C10H11N5O4 |
| Cysteine | C3H5NOS | Deoxythymidine 5′-diphosphate (–H2O) | C10H14N2O10P2 |
| Cystine | C6H10N2O3S2 | Thymidine (–H2O) | C10H12N2O4 |
| Glutamic acid | C5H7NO3 | Thymine (–H) | C5H5N2O2 |
| Glutamine | C5H8N2O2 | Thymidine 5′-monophosphate (–H2O) | C10H13N2O7P |
| Glycine | C2H3NO | Uridine 5′-diphosphate (–H2O) | C9H12N2O11P2 |
| Histidine | C6H7N3O | Uridine 5′-monophosphate (–H2O) | C9H11N2O8P |
| Isoleucine | C6H11NO | Uracil (–H) | C4H3N2O2 |
| Leucine | C6H11NO | Uridine (–H2O) | C9H10N2O5 |
| Lysine | C6H12N2O | Acetylation (–H) | C2H3O2 |
| Methionine | C5H9NOS | Acetylation (–H2O) | C2H2O |
| Phenylalanine | C9H9NO | C2H2 | C2H2 |
| Proline | C5H7NO | Carboxylation | CO2 |
| Serine | C3H5NO2 | CHO2 | CHO2 |
| Threonine | C4H7NO2 | Condensation/dehydration | H2O |
| Tryptophan | C11H10N2O | Diphosphate | H3O6P2 |
| Tyrosine | C9H9NO2 | Ethyl addition (–H2O) | C2H4 |
| Valine | C5H9NO | Formic Acid (–H2O) | CO |
| Acetotacetate (–H2O) | C4H4O2 | Glyoxylate (–H2O) | C2O2 |
| Acetone (–H) | C3H5O | Hydrogenation/dehydrogenation | H2 |
| Adenylate (–H2O) | C10H12N5O6P | Hydroxylation (–H) | O |
| Biotinyl (–H) | C10H15N2O3S | Inorganic phosphate | P |
| Biotinyl (–H2O) | C10H14N2O2S | Ketol group (–H2O) | C2H2O |
| Carbamoyl P transfer (–H2PO4) | CH2ON | Methanol (–H2O) | CH2 |
| Co-enzyme A (–H) | C21H34N7O16P3S | Phosphate | HPO3 |
| Co-enzyme A (–H2O) | C21H33N7O15P3S | Primary amine | NH2 |
| Glutathione (–H2O) | C10H15N3O5S | Pyrophosphate | PP |
| Isoprene addition (–H) | C5H7 | Secondary amine | NH |
| Malonyl group (–H2O) | C3H2O3 | Sulfate (–H2O) | SO3 |
| Palmitoylation (–H2O) | C16H30O | Tertiary amine | N |
| Pyridoxal phosphate (–H2O) | C8H8NO5P | C6H10O5 | C6H10O5 |
| Urea addition (–H) | CH3N2O | C6H10O6 | C6H10O6 |
| Adenine (–H) | C5H4N5 | D-ribose (–H2O) (ribosylation) | C5H8O4 |
| Adenosine (–H2O) | C10H11N5O3 | Disaccharide (–H2O) | C12H20O11 |
| Adenosine 5′-diphosphate (–H2O) | C10H13N5O9P2 | Glucose-N-phosphate (–H2O) | C6H11O8P |
| Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (–H2O) | C10H12N5O6P | Glucuronic acid (–H2O) | C6H8O6 |
| Cytidine 5′-diphosphate (–H2O) | C9H13N3O10P2 | Monosaccharide (–H2O) | C6H10O5 |
| Cytidine 5′-monophsophate (–H2O) | C9H12N3O7P | Trisaccharide (–H2O) | C18H30O15 |
| Cytosine (–H) | C4H4N3O |