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. 2013 Jun 10;40(1):186–199. doi: 10.1037/a0033206

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© 2013 The Author(s)

This article has been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s). Author(s) grant(s) the American Psychological Association the exclusive right to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.

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Rated speech clarity in Experiment 3, conditioned on whether participants reported speech and text to contain the same word or different words. The intermediate clarity profile observed previously (i.e., when collapsing across “same” and “different” judgments, as in Figure 6) is also obtained when considering only “same” trials (and hence cannot be attributed to averaging across “same” and “different” trials; see main text for details). Error bars represent SEM across participants corrected for between-participants variability (see Loftus & Masson, 1994).