Table 1.
Comprehensive list of specific terms tested in cognitive interviews
| Broad category | Specific terms | Source for specific terms* |
|---|---|---|
|
1. Terms and Phrases Describing Expectations |
Expect |
Cambron; Cherkin/Sherman; Coeytaux; Evans; Foster; Haas; Hondras; Qualitative interviews of patients |
| Personally expect |
Cohen; Linde; Witt |
|
| Realistically expect |
Qualitative interviews of patients |
|
| Hope |
Qualitative interviews of patients |
|
| hopeful |
Foster |
|
| Think |
Cohen; Lao |
|
| Feel |
Borkovec and Nau (Used by Lewith, Wayne and P. White); Cohen |
|
| Believe |
Hondras; Linde; Lao; Vas |
|
| Really think |
Devilly and Borkovec used “really feel” |
|
| Successful |
Borkovec and Nau; Cohen; Devilly and Borkovec; Haas; Kaptchuk; Hurwitz; Lamb |
|
| Helpful |
Cherkin/Sherman; Hondras; Ritenbaugh |
|
| Think is likely to occur |
Devilly and Borkovec; Expert reviewer |
|
| Confident |
Borkovec and Nau (Used by Lewith, Wayne and P. White); Cambron; Cohen; Haas; Hurwitz; Kaptchuk; Lamb |
|
|
2. Domains of Outcome Expectations |
|
|
|
Back Pain |
Back condition |
Cherkin/Sherman |
| Back pain |
Back pain [Cherkin/Sherman; Foster] |
|
| Low back pain [Evans; Hondras; Hurwitz; Williams; Witt] | ||
| Back pain problems |
Low back problems [Hondras] |
|
|
Back Dysfunction and Global Effects |
Limitations due to back pain |
Devilly and Borkovec |
| |
Impact of back pain on life |
Qualitative interviews of patients |
|
Impact of Back Pain on Specific Areas of Life |
Impact on work |
Qualitative interviews of patients |
| |
Impact on social and recreational activities |
Qualitative interviews of patients |
| |
Impact on daily activities |
Qualitative interviews of patients |
| |
Impact on relationships with family and friends |
Qualitative interviews of patients |
|
Mood, Energy |
Mood |
Moyer; Qualitative interviews of patients |
| |
Energy |
Cohen; Mao; Qualitative interviews of patients |
|
Coping |
Coping |
Mao |
|
3. Timeframe |
End of treatment period |
Devilly and Borkovec |
| |
Short-term outcome |
Hondras (1 month from now) |
| |
Long-term outcome |
Evans (3 months after) |
| |
One year from now |
Cherkin/Sherman |
|
1. Response Options |
|
|
|
Words |
Agreement with item |
Cohen; Mao; Moyer; Vas; White; |
| |
Word descriptors for each gradation |
Cohen; Cherkin/Sherman; Evans; Foster; Linde ART, Ritenbaugh; Witt; Mao; Lao |
|
Numbers |
0 to 10 |
Cambron; Coeytaux; Evans; Foster; Hondras |
| |
1 to 9 |
Devilly and Borkovec |
| |
Percentage |
Devilly and Borkovec; Evans; |
| |
-5 to-5 |
Expert reviewer |
| |
1 to 5 |
Kaptchuk |
|
2. Anchors |
|
|
| |
Relative descriptors |
Lower anchors: A little worse [study team]; Much worse [Cherkin/Sherman; Hondras]; Very unhelpful [Ritenbaugh]; Worst pain imaginable [Cambron] |
|
Upper anchors: Better than it’s ever been [study team]; Extremely helpful [Evans; Ritenbaugh]; Extremely hopeful [Foster]; Very effective [Coeytaux] | ||
| |
Absolute descriptors |
Lower anchors: No pain [Cambron]; Not at all effective [Coeytaux]; No change/worse [study team]; Not at all helpful [Williams; Hondras]; Not at all hopeful [Foster]; No Improvement [Witt] |
| Upper anchors: Complete Relief [expert reviewers]; Completely Better [Foster]; Completely Gone [Cherkin/Sherman; Hondras]; Cure [Linde; Witt]; No pain, pain-free [Cognitive Interviews] |