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Prophylaxis with CpG ODN significantly increased IFN-γ, IL-12/IL-23p40, and MIP-1α in spleen homogenates at early infection. (A, D) IFN-γ, (B, E) IL-12/IL-23p40, and (C, F) MIP-1α were measured 42 h after intracerebral E. coli K1 infection. Each symbol represents an individual neutropenic mouse (n = 9-10/group). Horizontal bars indicate median values. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U test.
