Comparisons among carnivoran groups. (a) Speciation probability, (b) extinction probability, (c) diversification rates and (d) sampling probability. These estimates are for all carnivoran species using the group effects model. P, C and M are the caniform groups Pinnipedimorpha, Canidae–Amphicyonidae–Ursidae and Musteloidea, respectively. H and N are the feliform groups Herpestidae–Hyaenidae–Eupleridae and Nimravidae–Felidae–Viverridae, respectively (see electronic supplementary material, figure S1). Vertical lines indicate 95% CIs.