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. 2013 Dec 3;113(3):467–476. doi: 10.1093/aob/mct278

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© The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 3. — Flowering of protandrous (PA) inflorescences of Platycarya strobilacea. (A) An early-stage PA inflorescence, in which both central and lateral male spikes are mature. An undeveloped lateral cluster of spikes is visible to the bottom right (white arrowhead). (B) A PA inflorescence at a later stage, in which the female portions of the two lateral clusters are flowering. The male spikes of the main axis have fallen away and their scars are visible (black arrowhead). (C) A lateral cluster at the final stage, in which the female portion of an androgynous spike is developing fruits and the male spikes are flowering. (D) A PA infructescence, in which two female portions of androgynous spikes persist at the tips of lateral branches. The main axis has aborted (black arrowhead). (E) A functionally male PA inflorescence composed of the central and lateral male spikes with no lateral clusters. (F) An ‘abnormal’ PA inflorescence, which is similar to the typical one (A), but has a female portion basal to the central male spike. f, female portion; cm, central male spike or make portion of central androgynous spike; lm, lateral male spike.