Table 4.
Association between cardiovascular endpoints and PM 2.5 exposure a
|
Variables |
Post |
|
Next morning |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β Coefficient (SE) | p Value | β Coefficient (SE) | p Value | |
|
bHeart rate(bpm) |
2.9(0.5) |
0.241 |
−0.3(0.7) |
0.689 |
|
bSDNN(msec) |
−7.8(3.0) |
0.012 |
2.5(2.9) |
0.389 |
|
brMSSD(msec) |
−8.0(3.9) |
0.048 |
1.7(2.6) |
0.516 |
|
bLF(msec2) |
−17.2(6.3) |
0.010 |
4.9(6.3) |
0.441 |
|
bHF(msec2) |
−29.0(10.1) |
0.006 |
3.8(6.0) |
0.525 |
|
bCRP(mg/L) |
8.1(9.3) |
0.445 |
24.2(9.0) |
0.043 |
|
bLymphocytes(k/μl) |
1.7(2.1) |
0.501 |
−3.1(2.6) |
0.353 |
|
cRed blood cells(M/μl) |
−0.004(0.017) |
0.852 |
−0.011(0.025) |
0.673 |
|
cWhite blood cells(k/μl) |
0.424(0.144) |
0.021 |
0.200(0.203) |
0.356 |
|
cNeutrophils(k/μl) |
−0.038(0.11) |
0.756 |
0.076(0.118) |
0.556 |
|
cMonocytes(k/μl) |
−0.012(0.022) |
0.655 |
−0.027(0.018) |
0.211 |
|
cBasophils(k/dl) |
0.001(0.001) |
0.521 |
−0.003(0.016) |
0.862 |
|
cEosinophils(k/μl) |
0.018(0.006) |
0.106 |
−0.004(0.012) |
0.737 |
| cPlatelets(k/μl) | −0.808(2.72) | 0.778 | −2.27(2.53) | 0.404 |
aLinear mixed effects regression models were used to investigate the exposure-related changes in HRV(N = 97), CRP(N = 50) and whole blood cell count(N = 52). All models were adjusted for BMI, age, and circadian variation.
bVariables were log-transformed due to the skewed distribution of model residuals. Associations were calculated by the equation percentage (%) = [exp(beta coefficients)-1]*100 and are interpreted as percent change.
cVariables are untransformed and beta coefficients are presented from mixed regression models.