Table 5.
Association between cardiovascular endpoints and PM 2.5 exposure in sensitivity analysis a,b
|
Variables |
Post |
|
Next morning |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β Coefficient (SE) | p Value | β Coefficient (SE) | p Value | |
|
cHeart rate(bpm) |
3.1(0.5) |
0.239 |
−0.4(0.7) |
0.680 |
|
cSDNN(msec) |
−8.1(3.0) |
0.010 |
2.7(2.9) |
0.361 |
|
crMSSD(msec) |
−8.2(3.9) |
0.001 |
1.7(2.7) |
0.538 |
|
cLF(msec2) |
−18.0(63) |
<0.001 |
4.7(6.4) |
0.471 |
|
cHF(msec2) |
−29.3(10.2) |
0.006 |
3.7(6.1) |
0.551 |
|
cCRP(mg/L) |
8.3(9.9) |
0.464 |
25.7(9.3) |
0.403 |
|
cLymphocytes(k/μl) |
1.7(2.2) |
0.520 |
−4.5(2.8) |
0.179 |
|
dRed blood cells(M/μl) |
−0.001(0.018) |
0.946 |
−0.015(0.026) |
0.575 |
|
dWhite blood cells(k/μl) |
0.433(0.146) |
0.208 |
0.177(0.210) |
0.426 |
|
dNeutrophils(k/μl) |
−0.041(0.108) |
0.744 |
0.058(0.122) |
0.661 |
|
dMonocytes(k/μl) |
−0.013(0.023) |
0.630 |
−0.003(0.184) |
0.145 |
|
dBasophils(k/dl) |
0.001(0.001) |
0.506 |
−0.053(0.165) |
0.762 |
|
dEosinophils(k/μl) |
0.018(0.006) |
0.115 |
−0.004(0.012) |
0.740 |
| dPlatelets(k/μl) | −0.639(2.853) | 0.830 | −3.07(2.65) | 0.291 |
aLinear mixed effects regression models were used to investigate the exposure-related changes in HRV(N = 94), CRP(N = 47) and whole blood cell count(N = 49). All models were adjusted for BMI, age, and circadian variation.
bTwo participants who reported taking statin or beta-blockers were excluded in sensitivity analysis.
cVariables were log-transformed due to the skewed distribution of model residuals. Associations were calculated by the equation percentage(%) = [exp(beta coefficients)-1]*100 and are interpreted as percent change.
dVariables are untransformed and beta coefficients are presented from mixed regression models.