Table 1.
RELATION OF UPPER ABDOMINAL PAIN/UPPER ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT TO BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS OF GASTROPARESIS PATIENTS
| Characteristic | Upper Abdominal Pain/Upper Abdominal Discomfort Score ≥3 N=288 |
Upper Abdominal Pain/Upper Abdominal Discomfort Score <3 N=105 |
Difference (95% CI)* |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical factors | Age at enrollment (years) | 42.1±13.5 | 43.6±14.7 | −1.5 (−4.6, 1.6) | 0.35 |
| Female sex | 246 (85%) | 81 (77%) | 8% (−1%, 18%) | 0.052 | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 14 (5%) | 5 (5%) | 0% (−6%, 5%) | 1.00 | |
|
Race: White Black Other |
249 (87%) 27 (9%) 9 (3%) |
88 (85%) 11 (11%) 4 (4%) |
2% (−7%, 10%) −2% (−9%, 6%) −1% (−6%, 4%) |
0.82 | |
|
Gastroparesis etiology: Diabetic Idiopathic |
92 (32%) 196 (68%) |
45 (43%) 60 (57%) |
−11% (−22%, 1%) 11% (−1%, 22%) |
0.045 | |
| Acute symptom onset | 145 (51%) | 58 (56%) | −5% (−17%, 7%) | 0.36 | |
| Initial infectious prodrome | 44 (15%) | 23 (22%) | −7% (−16%, 3%) | 0.122 | |
| Gastroparesis severity measures |
Clinician-rated severity: Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 |
27 (9%) 156 (55%) 103 (36%) |
22 (21%) 52 (50%) 30 (29%) |
−12% (−21%, −3%) 5% (−7%, 16%) 7% (−4%, 18%) |
0.008 |
|
GCSI: Overall Nausea/vomiting subscale Postprandial fullness/early satiety subscale Bloating subscale |
3.3±0.9 2.8±1.3 3.7±0.9 3.3±1.5 |
2.2±1.0 1.9±1.5 2.5±1.1 2.0±1.5 |
1.1 (0.9, 1.3) 0.9 (0.5, 1.2) 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 |
|
|
PAGI-SYM: Lower abdominal pain Lower abdominal discomfort Constipation Diarrhea |
2.5±1.6 2.6±1.6 2.8±1.7 2.1±1.7 |
1.2±1.4 1.4±1.5 1.5±1.6 1.4±1.5 |
1.3 (1.0, 1.7) 1.2 (0.8, 1.5) 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) 0.6 (0.2, 1.0) |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 |
|
| Quality of life measures | PAGI-QOL | 2.1±1.0 | 3.2±0.9 | −1.1 (−1.3, −0.9) | <0.001 |
|
SF-36: Physical component Mental component |
31.0±9.1 34.8±12.1 |
38.5±10.7 42.3±12.3 |
−7.5 (−9.7, −5.4) −7.4 (−10.2, −4.7) |
<0.001 <0.001 |
|
|
BPI: Overall pain interference score General activity Mood Walking ability Normal work Relations with people Sleep Enjoyment of life |
5.9±2.5 6.0±3.0 6.3±2.9 4.7±3.2 6.3±3.1 5.1±3.2 6.2±3.1 6.5±3.1 |
3.7±2.7 3.6±3.2 3.9±3.1 3.0±3.2 4.4±3.4 3.2±3.1 3.6±3.4 4.2±3.3 |
2.2 (1.5, 2.9) 2.3 (1.5, 3.2) 2.4 (1.6, 3.2) 1.7 (0.8, 2.6) 1.9 (1.0, 2.8) 1.8 (0.9, 2.7) 2.6 (1.7, 3.5) 2.3 (1.4, 3.2) |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 |
|
| Parameters of psychological dysfunction | BDI | 21.2±11.3 | 14.3±9.3 | 6.9 (4.5, 9.3) | <0.001 |
|
STAI: Y1 state anxiety Y2 trait anxiety |
47.9±13.4 46.4±12.3 |
39.6±11.8 39.7±11.5 |
8.3 (5.3, 11.2) 6.7 (4.0, 9.4) |
<0.001 <0.001 |
|
| Gastric emptying |
Gastric retention (%): 2 hour 4 hour |
64.3±18.2 32.7±22.3 |
64.4±19.1 32.7±23.5 |
−0.1 (−4.2, 4.1) 0.1 (−5.0, 5.1) |
0.97 0.98 |
| Medication use | Prokinetics Antiemetics Opiates Neuropathic pain modulators Antidepressants |
157 (54%) 191 (66%) 138 (48%) 59 (20%) 109 (38%) |
61 (58%) 58 (55%) 35 (33%) 19 (18%) 34 (32%) |
−4% (−15%, 8%) 11% (−1%, 23%) 15% (3%, 26%) 2% (−7%, 12%) 6% (−6%, 17%) |
0.53 0.044 0.009 0.60 0.32 |
All data are mean±SD or N (%)
Differences in means (95% CI) are presented for continuous variables and differences in proportions (95% CI) are presented for categorical variables. The 95% CIs for differences in means were based on the t-distribution; intervals for differences in proportions used the Newcombe score method with continuity correction.
GCSI: Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index
PAGI-SYM: Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders Symptoms
PAGI-QOL: Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders Quality of Life
SF-36: Short Form-36
BPI: Brief Pain Inventory
BDI: Beck Depression Inventory
STAI: State and Trait Anxiety Inventory