Table 2.
RELATION OF UPPER ABDOMINAL PAIN/UPPER ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT TO BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS IN DIABETIC AND IDIOPATHIC GASTROPARESIS
| Diabetic Gastroparesis | Idiopathic Gastroparesis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Upper Abdominal Pain/Upper Abdominal Discomfort Score ≥3 N=92 |
Upper Abdominal Pain/Upper Abdominal Discomfort Score <3 N=45 |
P | Upper Abdominal Pain/Upper Abdominal Discomfort Score ≥3 N=196 |
Upper Abdominal Pain/Upper Abdominal Discomfort Score <3 N=60 |
P | |
| Demographic and clinical factors | Age at enrollment (years) | 43.8±13.2 | 47.5±12.4 | 0.112 | 41.3±13.6 | 40.6±15.7 | 0.73 |
| Female sex | 70 (76%) | 30 (67%) | 0.31 | 176 (90%) | 51 (85%) | 0.35 | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 8 (9%) | 4 (9%) | 1.00 | 6 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 1.00 | |
|
Race: White Black Other |
69 (76%) 18 (20%) 4 (4%) |
36 (84%) 5 (12%) 2 (5%) |
0.47 | 180 (93%) 9 (5%) 5 (3%) |
52 (87%) 6 (10%) 2 (3%) |
0.20 | |
| Acute symptom onset | 45 (50%) | 28 (64%) | 0.143 | 100 (51%) | 30 (50%) | 0.89 | |
| Initial infectious prodrome | 11 (12%) | 8 (18%) | 0.43 | 33 (17%) | 15 (25%) | 0.189 | |
| Gastroparesis severity measures |
Clinician-rated severity: Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 |
2 (2%) 46 (50%) 44 (48%) |
10 (23%) 17 (39%) 17 (39%) |
<0.001 | 25 (13%) 110 (57%) 59 (30%) |
12 (20%) 35 (58%) 13 (22%) |
0.24 |
|
GCSI: Overall Nausea/vomiting subscale Fullness/satiety subscale Bloating subscale |
3.3±0.8 3.1±1.3 3.5±0.9 3.3±1.5 |
2.2±1.0 2.2±1.6 2.4±1.2 2.0±1.5 |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 |
3.3±0.9 2.6±1.4 3.8±0.9 3.4±1.5 |
2.1±0.9 1.7±1.4 2.6±1.1 2.1±1.5 |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 |
|
|
PAGI-SYM: Lower abdominal pain Lower discomfort Constipation Diarrhea |
2.6±1.5 2.7±1.5 2.7±1.6 2.1±1.8 |
0.9±1.1 1.2±1.2 1.6±1.6 1.6±1.5 |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.129 |
2.4±1.6 2.5±1.7 2.8±1.8 2.1±1.7 |
1.4±1.5 1.6±1.6 1.5±1.6 1.3±1.5 |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 |
|
| Quality of life measures | PAGI-QOL | 2.1±1.1 | 3.2±1.0 | <0.001 | 2.2±1.0 | 3.3±0.9 | <0.001 |
|
SF-36: Physical component Mental component |
29.0±9.0 32.6±11.7 |
35.9±9.6 41.5±12.7 |
<0.001 <0.001 |
31.9±9.1 35.8±12.2 |
40.5±11.1 42.9±12.0 |
<0.001 <0.001 |
|
|
BPI: Pain interference score General activity Mood Walking ability Normal work Relations with people Sleep Enjoyment of life |
6.2±2.4 6.3±2.7 6.6±2.7 5.2±3.0 6.7±2.7 5.4±3.1 6.3±3.1 6.8±3.1 |
4.4±2.8 4.1±3.6 4.2±3.4 4.5±3.2 5.8±3.3 3.3±3.2 4.4±3.9 4.8±3.3 |
0.003 0.001 <0.001 0.31 0.185 0.004 0.013 0.006 |
5.7±2.5 5.8±3.1 6.2±2.9 4.5±3.2 6.1±3.2 5.0±3.3 6.2±3.2 6.4±3.1 |
3.3±2.6 3.4±3.0 3.7±2.9 2.1±2.8 3.5±3.3 3.2±3.0 3.1±3.0 3.9±3.2 |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.004 <0.001 <0.001 |
|
| Parameters of psychological dysfunction | BDI | 22.8±11.9 | 15.0±9.7 | <0.001 | 20.4±11.0 | 13.7±9.1 | <0.001 |
|
STAI: Y1 state anxiety Y2 trait anxiety |
49.9±13.0 48.5±12.3 |
39.1±12.2 40.2±12.4 |
<0.001 <0.001 |
46.9±13.5 45.4±12.2 |
40.0±11.7 39.3±10.9 |
<0.001 <0.001 |
|
| Gastric emptying |
Gastric retention (%): 2 hour 4 hour |
67.4±21.7 40.3±26.5 |
66.0±20.5 41.7±27.0 |
0.71 0.77 |
62.9±16.1 29.2±19.0 |
63.3±18.0 25.9±18.0 |
0.89 0.24 |
| Medication use | Prokinetics Antiemetics Opiates Pain modulators Antidepressants |
64 (70%) 66 (72%) 49 (53%) 24 (26%) 37 (40%) |
28 (62%) 28 (62%) 15 (33%) 13 (29%) 15 (33%) |
0.44 0.33 0.031 0.84 0.46 |
93 (48%) 125 (64%) 89 (46%) 35 (18%) 72 (37%) |
33 (55%) 30 (50%) 20 (33%) 6 (10%) 19 (32%) |
0.31 0.056 0.092 0.164 0.54 |
| Diabetes-related factors | Neuropathy Hemoglobin A1c (%) |
35 (38%) 7.9±2.0 |
21 (47%) 7.9±2.0 |
0.33 0.99 |
|||
All data are mean±SD or N (%)
GCSI: Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index
PAGI-SYM: Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders Symptoms
PAGI-QOL: Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders Quality of Life
SF-36: Short Form-36
BPI: Brief Pain Inventory
BDI: Beck Depression Inventory
STAI: State and Trait Anxiety Inventory