Table 4.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GASTROPARESIS PATIENTS WITH PREDOMINANT PAIN/DISCOMFORT VS. PREDOMINANT NAUSEA/VOMITING
| Characteristic | Predominant Abdominal Pain/Discomfort N=81 |
Predominant Nausea/Vomiting N=172 |
Difference (95% CI)* |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical factors | Age at enrollment (years) | 41.3±12.9 | 40.4±14.2 | 0.9 (−2.8, 4.6) | 0.63 |
| Female sex | 68 (84%) | 144 (84%) | 0% (−10%, 11%) | 1.00 | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 4 (5%) | 8 (5%) | 0% (−6%, 7%) | 1.00 | |
|
Race: White Black Other |
66 (84%) 11 (14%) 2 (2%) |
149 (88%) 16 (10%) 4 (2%) |
−4% (−15%, 6%) 4% (−5%, 14%) 0% (−5%, 5%) |
0.55 | |
|
Gastroparesis etiology: Diabetic Idiopathic |
23 (28%) 58 (72%) |
57 (33%) 115 (67%) |
−5% (−18%, 8%) 5% (−8%, 18%) |
0.45 | |
| Acute symptom onset | 42 (52%) | 100 (58%) | −6% (−20%, 8%) | 0.40 | |
| Initial infectious prodrome | 12 (15%) | 32 (19%) | −4% (−14%, 7%) | 0.46 | |
| Gastroparesis severity measures |
Clinician-rated severity: Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 |
7 (9%) 39 (49%) 34 (42%) |
15 (9%) 88 (52%) 67 (39%) |
0% (−9%, 8%) −3% (−17%, 11%) 3% (−11%, 17%) |
0.90 |
|
GCSI: Overall Nausea/vomiting subscale Postprandial fullness/early satiety subscale Bloating subscale |
2.9±1.0 2.3±1.3 3.5±1.1 2.9±1.6 |
3.2±0.9 3.3±1.3 3.5±1.0 2.9±1.6 |
−0.4 (−0.6, −0.1) −1.0 (−1.3, −0.7) 0 (−0.3, 0.2) −0.1 (−0.5, 0.3) |
0.003 <0.001 0.74 0.69 |
|
|
PAGI-SYM: Upper abdominal pain Upper abdominal discomfort Lower abdominal pain Lower abdominal discomfort Constipation Diarrhea |
4.1±1.1 4.1±1.1 2.5±1.6 2.5±1.7 2.5±1.6 1.7±1.6 |
2.9±1.8 3.1±1.6 2.2±1.7 2.3±1.7 2.4±1.8 2.0±1.8 |
1.2 (0.8, 1.6) 1.0 (0.6, 1.3) 0.4 (−0.1, 0.8) 0.3 (−0.2, 0.7) 0.1 (−0.4, 0.5) −0.3 (−0.8, 0.1) |
<0.001 <0.001 0.114 0.26 0.78 0.159 |
|
| Quality of life measures | PAGI-QOL | 2.2±1.1 | 2.4±1.1 | −0.2 (−0.5, 0.0) | 0.095 |
|
SF-36: Physical component Mental component |
31.6±8.3 35.3±10.8 |
32.5±10.0 36.0±12.9 |
−0.9 (−3.4, 1.6) −0.7 (−4.0, 2.5) |
0.49 0.65 |
|
|
BPI: Overall pain interference score General activity Mood Walking ability Normal work Relations with people Sleep Enjoyment of life |
6.2±2.2 6.5±2.7 6.6±2.6 5.1±2.9 6.5±2.7 5.4±3.1 6.5±3.2 7.0±2.9 |
5.4±2.8 5.5±3.3 5.9±3.3 4.0±3.3 6.1±3.4 4.7±3.4 5.6±3.6 6.0±3.4 |
0.8 (0.1, 1.6) 1.0 (0.2, 1.9) 0.8 (−0.1, 1.7) 1.0 (0.2, 1.9) 0.4 (−0.5, 1.3) 0.7 (−0.3, 1.6) 0.9 (−0.1, 1.8) 1.0 (0.0, 1.9) |
0.026 0.019 0.067 0.022 0.37 0.167 0.067 0.039 |
|
| Parameters of psychological dysfunction | BDI | 20.0±9.6 | 19.9±11.2 | 0.1 (−2.8, 2.9) | 0.98 |
|
STAI: Y1 state anxiety Y2 trait anxiety |
47.4±12.8 45.7±11.2 |
46.5±13.5 45.1±12.6 |
0.9 (−2.6, 4.4) 0.6 (−2.6, 3.8) |
0.62 0.71 |
|
| Gastric emptying |
Gastric retention (%): 2 hour 4 hour |
63.6±17.9 31.9±21.1 |
63.5±17.7 32.3±21.9 |
0.1 (−4.6, 4.8) −0.5 (−0.6, 5.3) |
0.97 0.88 |
| Medication use | Prokinetics Antiemetics Opiates Neuropathic pain modulators Antidepressants |
43 (53%) 43 (53%) 49 (60%) 18 (22%) 34 (42%) |
103 (60%) 130 (76%) 68 (40%) 34 (20%) 67 (39%) |
−7% (−21%, 7%) −22% (−36%, −9%) 20% (7%, 35%) 2% (−9%, 14%) 3% (−11%, 17%) |
0.31 <0.001 0.002 0.65 0.65 |
All data are mean±SD or N (%)
Differences in means (95% CI) are presented for continuous variables and differences in proportions (95% CI) are presented for categorical variables. The 95% CIs for differences in means were based on the t-distribution; intervals for differences in proportions used the Newcombe score method with continuity correction.
GCSI: Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index
PAGI-SYM: Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders Symptoms
PAGI-QOL: Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders Quality of Life
SF-36: Short Form-36
BPI: Brief Pain Inventory
BDI: Beck Depression Inventory
STAI: State and Trait Anxiety Inventory