Table 1.

High-level summary of literature on the operational costs of SIAs

Reference	Vaccine/intervention details	Country/setting	Target population	Perspective	Cost data collection	Average versus Incremental costs	Year of cost data	Inflation-adjusted ops cost per person per dose, US$	Comparable inflation-adjusted cMYP estimate, US$ (Year of cMYP data)	Cost components included
[33]	Measles vaccine	Catch up SIA in Afghanistan	Children, 6 mnths - 12 yrs.	External donor	Retrospective	Incremental	2002	$0.194	N/A	Training, incentives (per diems), transport, monitoring, social mobilization, and logistics
		Follow up SIA in Afghanistan	Children aged 6–59 mnths				2003	$0.244	$0.33 (2009)
[34]	Measles vaccine	Nationwide SIA in Zambia	Children, 9 mnths −4 yrs.	National payer	Retrospective	Incremental	2001	$0.028	$0.73 (2010)	Social mobilization, supervision, planning/training, administrative costs, additional transport, additional personnel
Tsogbe K: Measles Campaign CEA, Rwanda. Unpublished.	Measles vaccine	Nationwide SIA in Rwanda	Children, 6–59 mnths	National payer and External donor	Retrospective	Average	2001	$0.284	$0.41 (2005)	Micro- planning, social mobilization, training, transport, fuel, and per diems (defined as "operational costs")
[35]	Measles vaccine	Pilot SIA in 2 provinces in Lao PDR	Children, 6–59 mnths	National payer and External donor	Retrospective	Average	2000	$0.562	N/A	Transport and travel, salaries and per diems, supervision, training, other campaign-specific costs
		Nationwide SIA in other 16 provinces of Lao PDR					2001	$0.350	N/A
[36]	Measles vaccine	SIAs conducted in Uganda	Not specified	Not specified	Not specified	Average	2003	$0.531	N/A	Not specified
							2006	$0.686	N/A
							2009	$0.534	N/A
[37]	Measles vaccine + VitA	‘Nationwide' SIA -- 50/117 Tanzanian districts	Children, 9–59 mnths	National payer and external donor	Retrospective	Average	2000	$0.312	N/A	Transport and travel, salaries and per diems, supervision and training, other campaign-specific costs (includes social mobilization surveillance)
[38]	VitA + Measles vaccines + Deworming and nutrition screening	Twice-annual Child Health Days in 2/10 Ethiopian regions:	Children, 6–59 mnths	National payer and external donors(i)	Retrospective	Average	2006	$0.244	N/A	Training, social mobilization ('sensitization and other promotional meetings'), transport, implementation, evaluation ('review meetings')
		- Amahara
		- Oromiya					2006	$0.163	N/A
[39]	Measles vaccine + VitA	Nationwide SIA in Uganda	Children, 6–59 mnths	Not specified	Not specified	Not specified	2001	$0.339	N/A	Not specified
[40]	OPV	National Immunization Day (NID) with costs from 10 provinces in China	Children (Age range not specified)	National payer and external donor(ii)	Retrospective	Incremental	1994	$0.657	N/A	Personnel [including per diems for all staff involved in SIA(iii)]; publicity and social promotion; training costs, logistical costs (including shipping, freight, fuel, travel cost, vaccine storage, vehicle depreciation, data collection forms)
[41]	Tetanus toxoid vaccine	SIA to provide 3 doses of TT in two phases across 11 'Union Councils' in the district of Loralai, in Baluchistan, Pakistan	Women, 15–45 yrs.	National payer	Not specified	Incremental	2001	$0.491	N/A	Training, social mobilization, per diems, salaries (of health workers, vaccinators, and supervisors), rental of vehicles, fuel, ice for cold chain, monitoring and evaluation, and misc.
[42]	Yellow fever vaccine	SIA in Abidjan and surrounding areas (Anyama, Bingerville and Songon) in Cote d'Ivoire	(I) All unvaccinated children, 6 mnths to 10 yrs.; (II) Persons ≥10 yrs. who are either unvaccinated or whose yellow fever vaccination was >10 yrs. ago(iv)	National payer	Retrospective	Average	2001	$0.224	N/A	Transport (inc. fuel and maintenance of rolling stock), administrative/office supplies, social mobilization, human resources, coordination, supervision, cold chain equipment
[43]	Yellow fever vaccine +MenA+C vaccine(v)	Reactive immunization campaign in the Matam District, in the Northeast part of Senegal	Children and adults, 1–25 yrs.	National payer	Prospective	Incremental	1997	$0.074	N/A	Staff costs (per diems and travel costs), transport (inc. fuel, maintenance and repairs), cold chain equipment, social/community mobilization, vaccination cards and stationery, coordination and supervision
[44]	MenA+C vaccine(v)	Reactive campaign in Réo and Kombissiri districts, Burkina Faso	Children and adults, 2–30 yrs.	National payer, partners, and communities(vi)	Prospective	Average	2006	$0.507	N/A	Transportation, personnel, IEC/social mobilization, supervision, surveillance, monitoring & evaluation, training, cold chain equipment and maintenance, waste management, and planning
[45]	MenA+C vaccine(v)	Reactive campaign across Guinea in districts with weekly incidence rate (WIR) of menA of >5/100,000	Children and adults, >1 yr.	National payer	Prospective	Incremental	1993	$0.328	N/A	Logistics, wages
[46]	MenA+C vaccine(v)	Reactive campaign across Katsina State in Nigeria in districts with WIR of menA of >5/100,001	Children and adults, 6 mnths – 30 yrs.	Not specified	Not specified	Incremental	1996	$0.485	N/A	Transport, personnel, administration
[21]	Cholera vaccine(vii)	South Sudanese refugees in Ugandan refugee camps	Children, 1–4 yrs.	National payer	Retrospective	Average	1997	$0.787	N/A	Transport, vaccination cards, storage (free of charge), material for administration, material for data collection, local personnel salaries
[22]	Cholera vaccine(vii)	Mass vaccination targeting residents in 13 communes of Hue city, Vietnam	All children and adults, ≥ 2yrs., excluding pregnant women	National payer	Retrospective	Average	1998	$0.142	N/A	Personnel, training, review meeting, and social mobilization (Publicity/information campaign)

⁽ⁱ⁾But excludes UNICEF staff costs, UNICEF and the Federal Ministry of Health’s overhead costs.

⁽ⁱⁱ⁾Excludes recurrent costs involved in the running of international organizations.

⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾i.e. managers, supervisors, cold-chain technicians, drivers, vaccinators.

^(iv)Subjects with acute progressive diseases and immune deficiency were excluded.

^(v)Polysaccharide A + C meningococcal vaccine.

^(vi)Household costs presented elsewhere.

^(vii)Oral killed whole-cell/recombinant B-subunit (WC/rBS) cholera vaccine – Not part of existing ADC/E/E programs but included here to provide a more complete picture of literature on SIA operational costs.