Table 1. Major Aboriginal populations and their neglected tropical diseases (NTDs).

Indigenous People	Location/Origin	Approximate Population	Major NTDs	Ref.
Orang Asli	Malaysian Peninsula	150,000a , b	Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, intestinal protozoan infections, malaria, dengue	[6]–[22]
Australian Aboriginals	Australia: Northern Territory and elsewhere	500,000c–600,000d	Strongyloidiasis and other STH infections, Melioidosis, Trachoma, Scabies and secondary pyoderma	[23]–[32]
Yanomami	Amazon rainforest: Brazil and Venezuela	–20,00030,000e , f	Onchocerciasis, STH infections, Tungiasis, Trachoma, Malaria	[36]–[40]
Inuit	Arctic Circle: Canada, Alaska, Greenland, Russiad	150,000g , h	Zoonotic helminth infections (Echinococcosis, Trichinellosis), Giardiasis, Toxoplasmosis	[41]
African Pygmy (Bayaka)	Central African rainforest: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabone	–300,000500,000i	STH infections, Scabies, Leprosy, Yaws, Malaria	[42], [43]

^a http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Asli.

^bMalaysia: Primary Health Care Key to Intersectoral Action for Health and Equity. WHO 30 Aug 2007: http://www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/isa_primary_care_mys.pdf.

^c http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians.

^dAustralian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs.nsf/Latestproducts/946D4BC28DB92E1BCA25762A001CBF38?opendocument. Accessed 2 April 2013.

^e http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanomami.

^f–WHO Weekly epidemiological record. 18 September 2009, No. 38, volume 84. p. 385396. http://www.who.int/wer/2009/wer8438/en/index.html.

^g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit.

^h Encyclopedia of the Arctic, Routledge (2005), Mark Nutall, editor.

ⁱReference [42].