Table 2. Hard tick factors, which contribute to/inhibit TBP acquisition, multiplication and migration, and transmission.

Tick species	Tick factors	Genbank accession number	Tick-borne pathogens	Expression level in pathogen infected ticks	Pathogen life cycle modified	Refs
D. variabilis	GST	DQ224235	A. marginale	Up-regulation	Acquisition, multiplication	[15], [51]
	Subolesin	AY652657 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AY652657	A. marginale	Up-regulation	Acquisition, transmission	[46], [47], [51]
	varisin	AY181027	A. marginale	Down-regulation (MD), Up-regulation (SG)	Acquisition, multiplication	[44]
	vATPase	ES429091	A. marginale	Up-regulation	Acquisition	[15], [51]
	SelM	ES429105	A. marginale	Up-regulation	Multiplication	[15], [51]
I. scapularis	P11	DQ066011	A. phagocytophilum	Up-regulation	Acquisition, migration	[57]
	Salp15	AF209914	B. burgdorferi	Up-regulation	Transmission	[22], [58]
	Salp16	AF061845	A. phagocytophilum	Up-regulation	Acquisition	[38]
	Salp25D	AF209911	B. burgdorferi	No change	Acquisition	[22], [42]
	Subolesin	AY652654	A. phagocytophilum	No change	Acquisition	[47], [49]
	Subolesin	AY652654	B. burgdorferi	Unknown	Acquisition, transmission	[50]
	tHRF	DQ066335	B. burgdorferi	Up-regulation	Transmission	[62]
	TROSPA	AY189148	B. burgdorferi	Up-regulation	Multiplication	[23]
	TRE31	HQ998856	B. burgdorferi	Up-regulation	Migration	[24]
	TSLPI	AEE89466	B. burgdorferi	Up-regulation, then down-regulation	Acquisition, transmission, multiplication	[53]
	α1, 3-fucosyltransferases	_XM_002401196	A. phagocytophilum	Up-regulation	Acquisition	[52]
		_XM_002404622
		_XM_002406085
		_XM_002415522
R. microplus	Subolesin	DQ159966	A. marginale, B. bigemina	Up-regulation	Acquisition	[46], [48]
D. variabilis	DvKPI	EU265775	R. montanensis	Up-regulation	Acquisition	[68], [69]
I. scapularis	5.3-kD protein	EEC00268	A. phagocytophilum	Up-regulation	Acquisition and transmission	[67]

SG: salivary glands, MG: midgut.