Table 5. Renal involvement in scrub typhus.

Study	Diagnostic criteria	Region	No. of patients, age of patients	Urinalysis abnormalities	AKI definition	AKI	Any other form of renal involvement
Kumar M, 2012 [37]	Clinical and Weil Felix	South India	35, age ≤12 years	Not reported	AKIN	20% of all patients (stages 1, 2 and 3 reported as 29%, 42% and 29% of all patients with AKI, respectively)	Oliguria: 43% of all patients
Basu G, 2011 [27]	ELISA	South India	188, age ≥18 years	Not reported	RIFLE	42.6% of all patients (risk, injury and failure in 48%, 26% and 26% of all patients with AKI, respectively)
Chrispal A, 2010 [6]	IgM ELISA	South India	189, age ≥16 years	Not reported	Serum creatinine >1.4 mg/dL	19.6% of all patients	Oliguria: 10.6% of all patients
Attur RP, 2013 [36]	Weil Felix or IgM ELISA	South-West India	259, median age 39 years	56.7% of all patients	RIFLE	23.2% of all patients (risk, injury and failure in 38%, 22% and 40% of all patients with AKI, respectively)
Vikrant S, 2013 [8]	IgM ELISA	North India	515, only data about patients with AKI presented (mean age 41.4±15.9 years)	Not reported	RIFLE	35% of all patients (risk, injury and failure in 45%, 34% and 21% of all patients with AKI, respectively)
Wu KM, 2009 [34]	IFA or PCR	Eastern Taiwan	136, age ≥2 years	Not reported	≥0.5 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine over baseline or lowest value OR 24 hour urine volume <400 ml	6.6% of all patients
Berman SJ, 1973 [38]	IFA or mouse inoculation*	South Vietnam	87, adults	20% of all patients	Elevated blood urea nitrogen	None

Used ≥4 fold rise in antibody titre in paired serum samples if diagnosed by IFA.

AKIN: Acute Kidney Injury Network, ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, IgM: Immunoglobulin M.