Table 2. Mixed effect size moderators of HIV prevalence among MSMW relative to MSMO.

Moderator variables	Subgroup categories	Number ofstudies	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Q-statistic(moderator class)	HIV prevalence estimate, MSMW (95% CI)	HIV prevalence estimate, MSMO (95% CI)
Date of data collection	Pre-2000	15	0.58 (0.45, 0.73)	<.001	6.8*	15.3% (9.1%, 24.5%)	24.0% (15.1%, 36.1%)
	2000 and after	13	0.28 (0.17, 0.44)	<.001		19.4% (13.3%, 27.4%)	46.7% (39.4%, 54.1%)
Study locale	Zone with high HIV/AIDS	21	0.41 (0.29, 0.59)	<.001	0.01	20.2% (14.0%, 28.4%)	38.4% (25.4%, 53.4%)
	Other area	7	0.40 (0.25, 0.64)	<.001		8.9% (5.1%, 15.0%)	20.2% (10.5%, 35.2%)
Sampling strategy	Convenience	18	0.47 (0.37, 0.60)	<.001	0.76	20.4% (11.9%, 32.7%)	36.8% (25.2%, 50.2%)
	Probability	10	0.35 (0.19, 0.66)	.001		11.9% (6.7%, 20.4%)	27.4% (12.1%, 50.8%)
Minority-based	<90% minority	19	0.43 (0.30, 0.60)	<.001	0.35	13.3% (8.7%, 20.0%)	26.4% (16.4%, 39.7%)
	≥90% minority	7	0.31 (0.19, 0.53)	<.001		28.4% (15.8%, 45.5%)	56.4% (46.7%, 64.8%)
Behavioral recall window	≤12 months	15	0.31 (0.21, 0.46)	<.001	0.12	16.3% (10.0%, 25.5%)	37.5% (23.1%, 54.6%)
	>12 months	8	0.49 (0.32, 0.73)	<.001		12.5% (7.6%, 19.8%)	25.1% (14.6%, 39.8%)
Assessment of HIV status	Self-report	6	0.39 (0.29, 0.52)	<.001	0.74	6.1% (1.4%, 22.7%)	15.6% (4.0%, 45.3%)
	Serologic	22	0.41 (0.31, 0.57)	<.001		20.8% (14.0%, 29.8%)	39.4% (28.2%, 51.8%)

^*Indicates moderation at p<.01.